The morphologically uniform species Gonium pectorale is a colonial green flagellate of worldwide distribution. The affinities of 25 isolates from 18 sites on five continents were assessed by both DNA sequence comparisons and sexual compatibility. Complete sequences were obtained (i) for the internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of ribosomal DNA and (ii) for each of three single-copy spliceosomal introns, two in a small G protein and one in the actin gene. ITS sequences appeared to homogenize sufficiently rapidly to behave as a single copy gene. Intron sequence differences between isolates in this species reached nucleotide substitution saturation, while ITS sequences did not. Parsimony and evolutionary distance analysis of the two types of DNA data gave essentially the same tree conformation. By all these criteria, the group of G. pectorale isolates fell into two main clades, A and B. Clade A, with isolates from four continents, was comprised of four subclades of quite closely related isolates, plus one strain of ambiguous affinity. Clade B was comprised of two subclades represented by South African and South American isolates, respectively; thus, only subclades of clade B showed geographical localization. With respect to mating, all isolates except one homothallic strain and one apparently sterile strain fell into either one or the other of two mating types. Pairings in all possible combinations revealed that isolates from the same site formed abundant zygotes, which germinated to produce new, sexually active organisms. Zygotes were also formed in many pairings of other combinations, including crosses of clade A with clade B organisms, but none of the latter produced viable germlings. The ability to mate and produce viable progeny that were themselves capable of sexual reproduction was restricted to members of subclades established on the basis of DNA sequence similarities. Thus, the grades of difference in both nuclear intron sequences and rDNA ITS sequences paralleled those observed in the sexual analysis.
Gegen den Strich der FamiliensagaEs wäre schön, wenn man lernen könnte, einen größeren Abstand zum eigenen Leben zu haben.¹ Jenny Erpenbeck Es muss genügen, dass eine Geschichte wahr sein könnte.² Kathrin Gerlof Familienromane sind nach wie vor in. Allein die Zahl der seit der Jahrtausendwende erschienenen Bücher dieser Gattung ist immens: So kamen 2003 etwa Ulla Hahns Unscharfe Bilder und Stephan Wackwitz' Ein unsichtbares Land auf den Markt, 2004 Viola Roggenkamps Familienleben und John von Düffels Houwelandt, 2005 sorgten unter anderem Arno Geigers Es geht uns gut, Hanns-Josef Ortheils Die geheimen Stunden der Nacht, Sibylle Mulots Die Fabrikanten, Gila Lustigers So sind wir und Irene Disches Großmama packt aus für Aufmerksamkeit, 2007 dann Michael Köhlmeiers Abendland, gefolgt von Uwe Tellkamps Der Turm (2008), Reinhard Jirgls Die Stille (2009), Fritz Rudolf Fries' Alles eines Irrsinns Spiel (2010), Eugen Ruges In Zeiten des abnehmenden Lichts (2011), Marion Braschs Ab jetzt ist Ruhe (2012) und vielen anderen. All diese Bücher folgen mehr oder weniger getreu dem Muster der "traditionellen Familiengeschichte", dem Erzählen also entlang einer Generationsfolge, die einen "familiären Mikrokosmos" zum "Fallbeispiel historischer Zeitgeschichte"³ macht. Sie bedienen sich mithin etablierter Erzählkomponenten und -verfahren und verbinden meist eine hohe Literarizität mit einem gewissen Authentizitätsanspruch. Als produktivstes Muster gilt dabei bis heute ein Roman von der vorletzten Jahrhundertwende: Thomas Manns Bud- So Jenny Erpenbeck in der Fernsehsendung Literatur im Foyer, SWR Stuttgart, 1. 3. 2008. Moderation: Anja Höfer, Gäste: Jenny Erpenbeck, Michael Kumpfmüller, Clemens Meyer [als Tonkonserve im DLA Marbach].
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.