Isolating quality DNA from tissues/cells presents a variety of problems in particular when plants are used as the source material. The specific characteristics of plants like the presence of rigid polysaccharide cell wall, pigments, chemical heterogeneity of secondary metabolites found in diverse species of plants, etc., necessitate special consideration and skill during isolation procedure. Until now, numerous protocols have been published for the purpose, but none is found to be universally applicable. Various factors starting from the selection of source material to the concentration of metabolites present in the plant decide the course of the isolation procedure. The present review is an update of various methods used for plant genomic DNA isolation, and it epitomizes the various problems faced and the solutions made to contend with them during DNA isolation from plant cells.
Plant-derived natural products occupy an important position in the area of cancer chemotherapy. Molecules such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, camptothecin derivatives, epipodophyllotoxin, and so forth, are invaluable contributions of nature to modern medicine. However, the quest to find out novel therapeutic compounds for cancer treatment and management is a never-ending venture; and diverse plant species are persistently being studied for identification of prospective anticancer agents. In this regard, Andrographis paniculata Nees, a well-known plant of Indian and Chinese traditional system of medicines, has drawn attention of researchers in recent times. Andrographolide, the principal bioactive chemical constituent of the plant has shown credible anticancer potential in various investigations around the globe. In vitro studies demonstrate the capability of the compound of inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells at different concentrations. Andrographolide also shows potent immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic activities in tumorous tissues. Synthetic analogues of the compound have also been created and analyzed, which have also shown similar activities. Although it is too early to predict its future in cancer chemotherapy, the prologue strongly recommends further research on this molecule to assess its potential as a prospective anticancer agent.
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