This research was conducted to overcome the Cu 2+ heavy metal pollution in the environment through a biotechnological approach with heavy metal sorption process by microalgae beads. Biosorbent in form of beads was produced from Chlorella sorokiniana, Monoraphidium sp., and Scenedesmus obliquus tropical microalgae mobilized with Naalginate polymer. The sorption process is observed on a controlled batch culture with variations of temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C), and observation periods (200 th , 220 th , 250 th , 270 th min) as contact time. The absorption efficiency on each temperature variation reaches more than 90%, but the highest absorption efficiency rate is at 92.20% on 35 °C temperature and 200 minutes of contact time. Biosorbent beads with 2-3 mm of diameters show the best sorption ability than the 3-4 mm and 4-5 mm ones. Sorption process is also evident with the existence of intensity alteration on amide, ketone, and sulfhydryl function groups which were consistently weakened until the end of the sorption process. The beads utilized in this research are potentially reusable as biosorbent. Thus, further examination is required to acknowledge the maximum reutilization rate of the beads as biosorbent on heavy metal absorption process.
Bagasse has the potential to generate alternative energy resources such as bioethanol owing to its lignocellulose structure. This research aims for utilizing bagasse as the raw material for producing bioethanol. The process for producing bioethanol consists of delignification, hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation using biocatalyst namely Fungi Dekkera bruxellensis and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Delignification was conducted at the substrate variation of 5, 10, 15 grams and 3, 5, 7 days contact time. The hydrolysis process used H2SO4 2% with 30, 45, 60 minutes contact time. Fermentation used concentration ratio for fungi and yeast at 1:1 with 3, 5, 7 days contact time. The distillation process went through the temperature of 78-80°C to obtain ethanol. The gravimetric analysis shows the optimum removal efficiency at 10.90% using 5 gram substrates with 3 days contact time. The hydrolysis process shows the highest glucose concentration at 16.64 g/L for each contact time using 15 gram substrates and H2SO4 2%. The highest amount of ethanol was 3.1% with the ratio of substrates 1:1 and 3 days contact time. This research shows that bagasse can produce bioethanol by the utilization of Fungi Dekkera bruxellensis and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Biodeterioration occurs through the availability of biotic and abiotic factors favoring the growth of harmful fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms on cultural heritage. Thus, biodeterioration mechanism has raised a global concern since it is commonly detected on cultural heritage buildings located in specific geographical locations such as southern European countries. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and OpenRefine for data cleaning by obtaining data from Scopus database of peer-reviewed publications to provide an overview of scientific literatures on biodeterioration. A total of 537 articles were analyzed within the period of 2018 – 2022 to acquire the current status of biodeterioration issue. 537 documents on biodeterioration were published by 1451 organizations from 68 countries. The co-authorship network map generated the trend of authors in biodeterioration research that identified the most productive author from China and organization from Japan. The co-occurrence network map of the keywords presented the significant interrelations of biodeterioration research field with the development of natural biocides to cope with the colonization of fungi and bacteria on cultural heritage. These results are expected to support the understanding of the intellectual structure of biodeterioration research.
Aim: This study aims to analyze the recycling potential of solid waste in Jatinegara sub-district as a basis for optimizing solid waste management with the 3R principle. Methodology and Results: The sampling method to calculate the waste generation rate and composition was based on SNI 19-3964-1994. The sampling results showed that the average waste generation of Jatinegara sub-district was 0.22 kg/person/day or 2.02 liters/person/day. With a population of 328,345 in 2020, the waste generation is 663,055 L/day or 663.05 m3/day. The waste composition comprises 55.02% organic waste and 44.98% non-organic waste. The composition of organic waste that has the potential to be reprocessed is 38.52%. The potential for recycling non-organic waste is determined by identifying the types of waste that waste banks can accept. The composition of non-organic waste that can be recycled is 26.11%. Non-organic waste that has the potential to be sold to waste banks is 96.26% of total plastic waste, 100% of paper waste, 100% of metal waste, and 100% of glass/glass waste. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The total waste that can be recycled in Jatinegara sub-district is 64.62%, and the residue generated is 35.38%. Recycling can reduce waste to 372.76 m3/day.
The continuous growth of energy consumption leads to the increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), which consists of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as well as carbon capture and utilization (CCU), is a technology that aims to capture CO2. Therefore, this study evaluates and provides an overview of CCUS in the period 2012–2022, by using a bibliometric analysis to obtain a complete perspective and reference on CCUS. The data search was carried out on January 20, 2022, by inputting the keyword “carbon capture utilization storage” into the Scopus database, and 296 documents were generated. Other software used included Open Refine, VOS viewer and Tableau to describe publication and citation trends, co-authorship, and co-occurrence. CCUS research trend increased by 2,766.6% from 2012 to 2022. The most productive country in investigating CCUS was China, and Zhang X. was the most prolific writer. The organization that published the highest number of research on the topic was the National Taiwan University. The publications and citations were dominated by the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control that was published by Elsevier Ltd., which also issues a number of significant publications and receives the highest number of citations.
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