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The excavation of Tunel VII, a Yamana site dating to the indigenous/European contact period was part of a long term research project based on the north coast of the Beagle channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). The aim was to evaluate the theory and methodologies and devise an archaeological method that would enable a complete picture of subsistence strategies to be constructed. At Tunel VII (a site with shell middens), we were able to analyse these strategies through 10 successive occupation events on a single location. Archaeozoological analysis of the faunal remains and use-wear analysis of lithic material were used to examine the management of resources. Production and consumption are two very useful concepts, and together they have been used to create a methodology, which, together with spatial analysis using significant variables, has enabled identification of recurrent or significant tendencies in relation to alteration or continuity in subsistence strategies. In the case of Tunel VII, we know that the people who continually occupied the hut were all from the same group.

Based on ethnographic accounts from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, functional areas have been identified within Fueginian shell middens. In this context, archaeological microfacies acquire a functional meaning when the microscopic record is compared to information gathered from ethnology, macroscopic observations made during excavation, and experimental modern analogues. All these lines of evidence were combined for the first time at Tunel VII, an eighteenth/nineteenth century shell midden occupied repeatedly by Yamana people, the last huntergatherer-fisher groups of the Beagle Channel. The sampling strategy involved three sets of samples: (1) two stratigraphical columns taken from the hut "entrance" and from a portion of the shell midden (i.e., the surrounding refuse shell ring), (2) thin sections from five hearths representing successive phases of frequentation of the hut, and (3) experimental burnt valves of Mytilus edulis, the main malacological component of the site. Comparison of microfacies from groups (1) and (2) provided microscopic indicators to distinguish between shell dumping areas and occupation surfaces. Comparison of microfacies within columns from group (1) allowed recognizing periods of site abandonment and periods of more intense/longer site frequentation. The experimental samples from M. edulis served as a reference to characterize the five central hearths in terms of maximum burning temperatures reached. Different burning structures were correlated to the season of hut frequentation and to their location (and function) within different portions of the hut. The intra-site micromorphological comparison strategy within a well-documented ethnohistorical context provides valuable indicators for the identification of functional areas in archaeological contexts when ethnographical information is not available.

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RESUMENDurante 20 años se han llevado a cabo en Tierra del Fuego investigaciones dirigidas a contrastar etnográfica-mente el registro arqueológico de sociedades cazadoras recolectoras. Se trataba de elaborar una metodología específica de abordaje arqueológico para estas sociedades que pudiera aplicarse a otros contextos arqueológicos. Aquí se exponen los diferentes proyectos y sus conclusiones más importantes haciendo especial hincapié en dos aspectos fundamentales, por un lado el técnico-metodológico, de recuperación y tratamiento de la información; y por otro la reconstrucción de las relaciones sociales de producción y reproducción en grupos cazadores recolectores. ABSTRACTFor 20 years there has been research in Tierra del Fuego in order to contrast ethnographically the archaeological record of hunter-gatherer societies. The objective was to build a specific methodology for an archaeological approach to these societies, that could be applied to various contexts. In this paper we present the projects and the main conclusions emphasizing two fundamental aspects: the technical-methodological one of information recovering and treatment, and the reconstruction of the production and reproduction of social relationships in hunter-gatherer groups.Palabras clave: Etnoarqueología. Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Sociedades cazadoras recolectoras. Recursos litorales. Recibido: 22-I-07; aceptado: 14-V-07.Para Pachula, a quien echaremos de menos en el paisaje que a diario construimos, pero que encontraremos siempre en el territorio de la ciencia.

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