Chemical treatment is a mean to accomplish fruit thinning; although its efficiency depends on the compound used, application time, and dosage. Effect of the chemical hydrogen cyanamide (CH2N2) on the thinning of flowers and fruits of the peach cultivar Coral was assessed in this study. Treatments consisted of five doses of CH2N2 (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%) spray application to the point of run-off, at two stages (50% and 100% flowering). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six replicates and one plant per plot. The following parameters were assessed: percentage of flowers thinned at 25 days after spraying, percentage of fruits thinned, fruiting index, production per plant, fruit mass, diameter and length, flesh firmness, soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA). Concentrations of 0.6 and 0.8% CH2N2application at 50% flowering resulted in thinning 84.4 and 84.7% of the flowers and 0.4% CH2N2 at 100% flowering thinned 87.3%, values close to index assessed in manual thinning (88.0%) experiments. The highest production per plant was recorded for treatments with CH2N2 application at 50% flowering, resulting from a high percentage of flowers opening after spraying the chemical thinner. As such, flowers opening late were not affected by the chemical, thereby ensuring a higher fruiting index. Peach yield with 50% CH2N2 was not significantly different from yield observed for manual treatment, and 0.6% spray was reported to be the optimal dosage. Treatment with 0.6% CH2N2 application at 50% flowering was not significantly qualitatively different from manual thinning. CH2N2 application is efficient for the thinning of ‘Coral’ peach flowers and fruits.
O raleio é uma das principais práticas culturais do pessegueiro, podendo ser realizada de maneira manual ou química. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de ethephon como raleante químico de frutos da cultivar de pessegueiro Chimarrita. O experimento consistiu na aplicação de ethephon nas doses de 0, 50, 80, 110 and 140 mg L-1, por pulverização até o ponto de gotejo, e de um tratamento de raleio manual, todos realizados em 10/09/2015, em pomar comercial localizado em Veranópolis-RS. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado com seis repetições e uma planta por parcela. As avaliações ocorreram em seis ramos demarcados por planta, totalizando 36 ramos por tratamento. As variáveis analisadas foram: percentual de frutos raleados, índice de frutificação, massa, diâmetro e comprimento de fruto, firmeza de polpa, sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). A concentração de ethephon de 80 mg L-1 apresentou taxas de índice de frutificação (21,2%) e de frutos raleados (72,1%) próximos ao tratamento de raleio manual (manejo tomado como referência), com valores obtidos de 22,4% e 75,2%, respectivamente. As características físico-químicas não diferiram entre o tratamento de ethephon 80 mg L-1 e o raleio manual, com massa de fruto e SS de 104,9 g e 8,0 ºBrix para a dose de 80 mg L-1 e 113,1 g e 8,1 ºBrix para o raleio manual. A aplicação de ethephon a dose de 80 mg L-1 mostra-se eficiente para o raleio de frutos de pessegueiro cultivar Chimarrita.
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