maintaining the human and animal body. About 87% of milk composition consists of water and 13% are nutritionally important components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and vitamins. It is excellent source of high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals. It represents one of the best natural sources of essential amino acids for human nutrition. Moreover, milk is an outstanding source of calcium and phosphorus to build bones and teeth. Similarly, milk is the most nutritious and it can attribute for the growth, reproduction, energy source, maintenance and repairs of body. Also, due to having various properties, it can be easily converting into different milk products and to use it as an ingredient for other food items [1,2]. Milk contains components that are essential to humans such as proteins, carbohydrates, fat, water, all the B-vitamins, vitamins A and D, calcium and phosphorus. It also provides energy [3,4].
This Review article concerns on the types and quantity of milk products produced in Ethiopia and imported and exported products by Ethiopia, to review factors affecting milk and milk product export. The dairy industry is one of the most important components of the world food system and is undergoing dramatic change at the current time. Exports are forecast to expand across all the main dairy commodities, namely butter, cheese, Whole Milk Powder (WMP) and Skim Milk Powder (SMP). However, data of the Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority indicate that the country is a net importer of milk and its derivatives. Presently the value of exported dairy products is very low. The major dairy products in Ethiopia include traditional and industrially produced products. However, "Between "2013 to 2017, the country spent over 48.61 million US Dollar to import various milk and milk products. Ethiopia is not known to export dairy products. Informal marketing channels, poor quality product, fully unimplemented and unfitted of International standards and requirements, Absence of quality-based payments, unlicensed traders, Recent Power Cut and Lack of dairy policy were the main factors that affect milk and milk products export by Ethiopia. The government should be made regulatory laws which guided and controlled illegal traders who entered the domestic and international markets. Formulate dairy and milk product policies to enhanced export performance. Encourage and support the processors to substitute imported products and to export quality milk and milk products worldwide.
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