Despite recent developments in offline signature recognition systems, there is however limited focus on the recognition problem facet of using an inadequate sample size for training that could deliver reliable and easy to use authentication systems. Signature recognition systems are one of the most popular biometric authentication systems. They are regarded as non-invasive, socially accepted, and adequately precise. Research on offline signature recognition systems still has not shown competent results when a limited number of signatures are used. This paper describes our proposed practical offline signature recognition system using the oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB) feature extraction algorithm. We focus on the practicality of the proposed system, which requires only the minimum number of signatures per user to achieve a high level of fidelity. We manifest the practicality of our approach with a signature database of 300 signatures from 100 different individuals, implying that only two signatures are needed per person to train the proposed system. Our proposed solution achieves a 91% recognition rate with a median matching time of only 7 ms.
Control system is an essential element of the daily process in modern culture. Control system manages the different appliances (entertainment and environments) and controls the industrial progressions and transportation schemes. Therefore, it controls our land air, sea and space explorations. Digital controllers are used in most applications with microprocessors, computers, and digital electronics. So, each electrical, mechanical or chemical engineer ought to be familiar with the digital controller's basic theory. This paper will study different research techniques about well known controllers; Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. So, it will summarize their structure and their recent developments. After that, new tuning algorithm will be explored using several techniques or change PID controller structure to match several systems' requirements.
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