Problem statement:The adaptively shifted integration technique was applied to the elasticplastic analysis of framed structures under dynamic loading. Approach: This study used analysis of linear beam element, the reshifting of the of the integration points in the element is conducted in order to attain higher accuracy. Results: In nonlinear finite element analysis by the ASI technique, the highest computational efficiency has been achieved by shifting the numerical integration points for evaluation of stiffness matrices of linear Timoshenko beam element. A computer program has been Written by VBASIC for solve the problem of the steel frame, results of numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the computer program and study many parametric study, such as Time step and Mass of the structure. Conclusion/Recommendations: In the elastic analysis there is no distinction between the ASI technique and the conventional finite element method, but for elasticplastic nonlinear analysis under dynamic load Adaptive Shifted Integration (ASI) technique is capable of predicting with reasonable accuracy the behavior of steel frame structures.
This paper presents a review of the current research trend to design blast protection wall systems. The paper summarizes the published research of the high-tech composite blast wall systems made of advanced materials. The summary includes system components and material properties, design philosophy, parametric study, system performance, and limitations of such type of blast-resistant systems. The level of terrorist attack threats has increased significantly in the last few years, especially in the Middle East targeting populated areas and leaving numerous victims and billions of dollars' worth of losses in infrastructure. Therefore, the use of high-tech blast-resistant wall systems might be hindered by its lack of available materials and construction technology in most countries. Primitive protection systems to guard from surrounding risks, whether natural or man-made have been used for temporary and military fortifications. The simple protection systems could provide the required safety level with minimal efforts and low cost. This paper highlights the research gap in considering simple blast protection walls made of readily available materials to mitigate blast. This paper also discusses the recent research attempts to investigate the performance of blast walls made of thin timber sheets and plain sand as an example of low-tech materials for permanent applications. The study clarifies the efficiency of simple blast wall systems to attenuate blast based on the open-space blast test measurements and numerical analysis results. However, simple blast wall systems may not be appropriate to install in urban areas yet, hence, future studies are invited to conduct integrated studies to investigate and implement architecture design modifications for this purpose.
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