Abstract. We study the approachability ideal I[κ + ] in the context of large cardinals and properties of the regular cardinals below a singular κ. As a guiding example consider the approachability ideal I [ℵ ω+1 ] assuming that ℵ ω is a strong limit. In this case we obtain that club many points in ℵ ω+1 of cofinality ℵ n for some n > 1 are approachable assuming the joint reflection of countable families of stationary subsets of ℵ n . This reflection principle holds under MM for all n > 1 and for each n > 1 is equiconsistent with ℵ n being weakly compact in L. This characterizes the structure of the approachability ideal I [ℵ ω+1 ] in models of MM. We also apply our result to show that the Chang conjecture (κ + , κ) (ℵ 2 , ℵ 1 ) fails in models of MM for all singular cardinals κ.
Theorists of democracy have long grappled with the question of how to uphold the promise of popular government while restraining populist excesses. The deliberative conception of democracy proposes to do so by subjecting power to collective decision making through procedures of free and equal public deliberation. Critics of this idea often target its realizability. Though valid in theory, they claim, deliberative democracy is hopelessly utopian. The paper argues that, given a proper understanding of the deliberative approach and its underlying ideal of collective self‐government, this line of criticism is not very potent. However, another line of criticism, less pronounced in the contemporary debate, is more effective, questioning the very cogency of public discussion, even by a competent public, as a means of collective self‐government. Open public discussion is prone to various forms of manipulation and deception, which subvert rather than facilitate self‐government. Deliberative democracy's egalitarianism and populism therefore run counter to its deliberative aspiration, which underpins its ideal of democratic legitimacy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.