Artemisinin-based combination therapy had been recommended for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Africa. Aim: This study investigated the effects of artesunate/amodiaquine (A/A) and dihydroartemisinin/ piperaquine (D/P) on some blood parameters and histopathology of the liver and kidney of mice. Materials and Methods: A Complete randomized design was applied. Fifty mice were randomly assigned to five treatment groups of ten animals each. Therapeutic doses of the drugs were orally administered to the animals. Group A received normal saline (control), group B received 10/14mg/kg body weight of artesunate/amodiaquine for 3 days, group C received 10/18mg/kg of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine for 3 days, group D received similar treatment with group B, but were followed up to 28 days, group E received similar treatment with group C but were also followed up to 28 days. After experimental period, blood samples were collected for determination of white blood cell count, white blood cell differential count, red blood cell count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration. Liver and kidney were also harvested for histopathological analysis. Results: Result showed that therapeutic doses of artesunate/amodiaquine and dihydroaretmisinin/ piperaquine had no significant (P>0.05) effects on heamatological parameters accessed. Mild inflammation and degeneration of hepatocyte were observed in the liver of the group treated with D/P while fatty change was found in the group treated with A/A. Venous congestion was observed in the kidney of the group treated with D/P. After 28 days, degeneration of hepatocyte and inflammatory cells were observed in the liver. Shrunken glomerulus was found in the kidney of the group treated with D/P. Conclusion: These drugs are detrimental to the liver and kidney even at therapeutic dose therefore, they should be used with caution.
There is need to look for ingredients to be added to the poultry feed used to raise quail birds for better results on the birds and to enhance quail farming in Nigeria. Aim: This study was carried out to conduct a twelve weeks feeding trial to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of Ocimum gratissimum on growth, egg size using two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of ten (10) birds each in a completely randomized design experiment with feeding ratio of Control (C) containing 0 g/kg; T1, 20 g/kg; T2, 40 g/kg and T3, 60 g/kg of dried and ground Ocimum gratissimum. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Results: The result obtained showed that for Weight gain (WG), Percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SRG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), the T1, (20 g/kg) had the highest values (122.56 g, 234%, 0.623 and 23.49 respectively) while T3, (60 g/kg) had the least values (81.92 g, 156%, 0.487, 34.92 respectively) as a result of weight loss. But the C, (0 g/kg) had the highest value of 9.149 for protein efficiency ratio (PER) as T3, (60 g/kg) had the least value (5.535). T2, (40 g/kg) had the highest values for mean egg weight, length, width (10.01, 8.77 and 7.81 respectively) while T1, (20 g/kg) had the least values (8.84, 7.63 and 6.70 respectively). Weight gain, feed utilization indices and egg size were the response criteria that were monitored, recorded and subjected to Anova and T-test. There were significant difference (P≤0.05) observed for mean weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, circumference of the widest point of the eggs at long axis (length) while no significant difference (P>0.05) were observed for weight of eggs and circumference of the widest point of the eggs at short axis (width). Conclusion: From this study, quail birds fed T1, (20 g/kg) gave the results with no negative effect on the birds and can be recommended in Japanese quail diets.
Humans and livestock are competing for plant proteins which are shifting the dependency of human on plants to that of animals for protein despite insufficiency of animal protein. For reduction in the price of animal products there is need to use plant supplement(s) which can encourage higher growth rate or improve the quality of the animal products. One of such ingredients is Gmelina arborea leaf meal, a product of Gmelina arborea tree which is not in competition with man's dietary needs. But despite the abundance and availability of this resource in Nigeria, many studies have not been carried out on its nutritional value and use in poultry feeding, especially in Japanese quail. Based on the above, this research work was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea Meal on growth of Japanese quail birds (Coturnix coturnix japonica).This study was carried out to conduct a thirty-six weeks feeding trial to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of Gmelina arborea leaf Meal on growth performance, using two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Ninety-six birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of eight (8) birds each in a completely randomized design experiment with feeding ratio of Control (A) containing 0g/kg; B, 50g/kg; C, 100g/kg and D, 150g/kg of air-dried and ground Gmelina arborea. Feed and water were provided throughout the experimental period. Weight gain and feed utilization indices were the response criteria that were monitored, recorded and subjected to Statistical analysis. There were significant difference (P<0.05) observed for mean weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio. From this study, quail birds fed C (0g/Kg) followed by those fed T 1, (50g/kg) gave better results on the birds showing that Gmelinaarborea is dosage and time dependent and can be recommended in Japanese quail diets in that quantity but shorter duration.
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