This paper analyses the change of electric field in the proximity of 500 kV extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines, in the presence of raindrops and dew. The computations were carried out using MatLab software b y solving the electrostatic equations. The analysis depicts that the spatial distrib ution of the electric field strength varies with water drop content along the lateral distance along the transmiss ion line. The peak electric field reduces with the water drop content, whereas the electric field remains the same at around 36 m from the transmission line. Then onwards the field strength increases with the water drop content. At long distances the field strength is not affected b y the water drops. Such variation is highly important to analyse the adverse effects on the insulators used in HV applications. The results are of high significance to a country such as Indonesia where the precipitation levels are generally high in most parts of the country.
This study aims to create a prototype of a Thermoelectric Generator which is composed of a set of Aluminum (Al) and Carbon (C) series thermocouples as an alternative energy source. The initial stage in this research is to make a thermoelectric generator that is composed of 120 series thermocouple pairs or consists of 6 thermopiles (20 thermocouple pairs) arranged in series. Then the hot side is given a heat source using an electric iron and the cold side is equipped with a cooling fan and measures the output voltage generated based on changes in the heat generated by the electric iron. The test results show that temperatures up to 50°C produce a DC output voltage with a low increase in voltage change, while above that temperature the output voltage increases significantly. This shows that based on this initial experiment, Al and C thermoelectric generators are feasible to be used as an alternative energy source.
ABSTRAKPeralatan pengendalian proses dan akuisisi data pada industri migas umumnya menggunakan sinyal arus 4-20 mA. Masing-masing peralatan membutuhkan media untuk menyalurkan sinyal yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengimplementasikan suatu perangkat dengan tiga kanal masukan dan luaran untuk pengiriman sinyal arus 4-20 mA dan akuisisi data dari pemancar suhu pada jarak yang jauh. Pembacaan masukan sinyal arus menggunakan ADC pada mikrokontroler dan transmisi data menggunakan jaringan Internet melalui modul GPRS. Data yang diterima diubah menjadi sinyal arus dengan fasilitas PWM dan rangkaian pengubah tegangan ke arus. Sistem akuisisi data menggunakan aplikasi web.. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian alat didapatkan bahwa sinyal arus 4-20 mA dari pemancar suhu dengan jangkauan 0-100 ºC dan 0-150 ºC dapat dikirimkan melalui jaringan GPRS dengan jeda waktu antara 4-17 detik, dengan 2,5625% span nilai akurasi alat, 1,3% span nilai kelinieran alat, dan 1,4287% span nilai presisi alat pada pengujian dengan sampel suhu 27 °C dan 97 °C.Kata kunci: sinyal arus, pemancar suhu, GPRS.ABSTRACTControlling process and data acquisition tools in the oil and gas industry generally uses 4-20 mA of current signal. Each tools is requiring the media to transmit the signal that was resulted. The aim of this research is to implement a device equipped by three input and output channels for sending a 4-20 mA current signal and data acquisition from the temperature transmitter at a distance away. Reading of the input current signal is using the ADC on a microcontroller while data transmission is using the Internet network through GPRS module. That the data received is converted into a current signal by PWM facilities and a voltage to current converter circuit. Data acquisition system is using a web application. On testing tool got the result that the current signal of 4-20 mA transmitter with a temperature range of 0-100 °C and 0-150 °C can be transmitted over the GPRS network with a time delay between 4-17 seconds with 2.5625% span of the accuracy values, 1.3% span of linearity values , and 1,4287% span of precision values tools on testing with a sample temperature of 27 °C and 97 °C.Keywords: signal flow, temperature transmitters, GPRS.
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