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(>10m) and relatively steep dip (>10°) being most favourable. The response due to a less favourable combination, at noise level can also be recognised due to the continuity of the coal seam. The continuous pattern of the coal seam distinguishes it from random and discrete noise. BHPBilliton has flown an airborne gravity gradiometer test survey over known coal deposits in the Latrobe Valley (Gippsland Basin, Victoria, Australia) in June 2002. The survey was flown at 200m line spacing and 130m above ground. The result conforms well to the existing borehole data. The average seam thickness in the area is 30-50m with extremes of more than 100m and less than 10m in places. The dip is quite shallow, less than 10° on average. Geophysical modelling of the AGG data along with the borehole information it is demonstrated that gravity gradiometry is a useful exploration tool for coal.

SUMMARYThe Pilbara region of North West Australia is one of the world's major iron ore provinces. Geophysical techniques have been applied routinely for exploration of iron ore. The first known application of a geophysical technique in mineral exploration was, in fact, the use of a magnetic method in the search for iron.This presentation summarises the use of geophysical techniques in iron ore exploration over the last half century. Magnetic methods have been the most favoured, followed by gravity. EM has been applied in niche areas, such as in the exploration for CID. However it is time to venture beyond conventional techniques and start focusing on future developments in geophysics that promise yet greater benefits to mining generally and iron ore exploration in particular.