Penggunaan narkotika Golongan I tidak semakin menurun walaupun diiringi dengan hukuman pidana penjara yang tinggi. UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika menerapkan pidana minimum atas penguasaan, kepemilikan dan pengguna narkotika Golongan I juga mengatur sanksi rehabilitasi bagi pengguna narkotika. Akses atas layanan kesehatan bagi yang membutuhkan zat untuk kesehatan yang masuk dalam golongan I menjadi terlanggar dengan adanya ketentuan Pasal 8 UU No. 35 Tahun 2009. Persoalan lebih pelik lagi adalah dengan larangan dilakukannya riset dalam kerangka ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini menyebabkan, banyak kasus penggunaan zat yang masuk ke dalam Golongan I dengan alasan kesehatan bagi diri sendiri atau bagi orang lain masuk ke dalam proses hukum pidana. Konstitusi Indonesia memberikan jaminan atas perlindungan hak atas kesehatan yang harus diberikan tanpa kecuali. Pelaggaran atas akses layanan kesehatan tanpa alternatif dengan menutup ruang untuk melakukan penelitian atas zat-zat baik tanaman ataupun non-tanaman bagi pengembangan ilmu penegtahuan medis menyebabkan pelanggaran terhadap Konstitusi dan tanggungjawab negara dalam pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah normatif yuridis dengan mencari doktrin hukum.
This paper presents the need for a human rights policy approach to eliminate climate injustice, especially in clean water. Also, the relationship between climate injustice with the right to health on the issue of clean water has been studied. In addition, a qualitative method based on library research and the decision on water cases has been presented. The main finding is that Indonesian policy regarding climate is still in the framework of programs and notions. Still, it is not yet established as a national policy with human rights approach. The article also shows that although the right to clean water does not explicitly write as a single definition, the core instruments of international human rights law oblige the government to protect, fulfill and promote the water right. In Indonesia, a water right is programmatic and regulated in economic models, but not from a right-based and public interest perspective. The right to health regarding the access, availability, and quality of water in Indonesia is not yet fulfilled under Indonesian human rights’ obligation as a member of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.
The Trisakti Semanggi I and II (TSS) occurred in 1998 and 1999 during the reformation movement towards democracy upholding in Indonesia. Several students and people have been killed and injured in those days. The National Commission on Human Rights (KOMNAS HAM) has investigated the case and concluded that the case has a gross human rights violation aspect. The documents have reached the General Attorney of the Republic of Indonesia. However, there are obstacles faced by the victims and their families, the legal debate on whether the TSS can be classified as a gross violation of human rights or not. The Attorney General stated this doubt in their meeting with the Indonesian House of Representatives. The government's political will has been examined through the Indonesian Constitution in this matter. This article explores the burden of sufficient proof to conclude the gross human rights violation in the TSS case. Under the thorough independent investigation done by KPP HAM, the Trisakti Semanggi I and II (TSS) fulfills the elements of past gross violation of human rights known as a crime against humanity. The TSS case has met elements ruled under the ICTY and ICTR Statute 14, such as Article 7 of the Rome Statute 15. The article will also provide current discourse in a legal argument between national institutions regarding the case and what should be done afterward. The research uses a qualitative method with case studies related to the crimes against humanity at the national and international levels.
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