Introduction: Nasopharyngeal passages are the primary passageway for respiratory exchange in humans. But chronic obstruction of the nasal passage encountered in youth causes a physiological shift in normal breathing pattern from nasal to oral breathing. Oral breathing results in craniofacial modification and postural adjustments. This study will be helpful for orthodontists to observe the cervical vertebral column area in growing children to prevent changes in cervical lordosis and associated sequelae from developing by early intervention, when required. Material & Methods: In this case control study conducted at the ’Montmorency College of Dentistry over 6 month period from 10th July, 2017 till 10th January, 2018, 60 patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited from OPD and divided into two groups. Group “A” patients showing alteration in their cervical lordosis as observed on lateral cephalograms and group “B” patients with normal cervical lordosis on lateral cephalograms. Their breathing pattern, BMI and other demographic information were recorded. All the collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. Results: Mean age of the patients in group A (altered cervical lordosis) was 9.13 (+/- 1.68) years and in group B (normal cervical lordosis) was 8.77 (+/-1.91) years). Chi square test was applied for comparison of groups, p-value ≤ 0.05 considered as statistically significant. The alteration in cervical lordosis had a statistically significant association with oral breathing when compared with nasal breathers, chi square value 27.149 (p value 0.000). Conclusion: Significant association between alteration in cervical lordosis and oral breathing.
Background: Dental Neglect refers to ones attitudes and behavior that cause harmful consequences in oral health. Subjects with greater dental negligence are linked with more caries, lesser remaining teeth, irregular visits to the dentist and are more likely to have prolonged time duration between their dental appointments.. The Dental Neglect Scale (DNS) is valued as a reliable measure of dental negligence in various samples of children, adolescents and adults. Maintenance of conscientious practice related to oral health is key to success in orthodontic patients. This is because orthodontic appliances facilitate the accumulation of plaque by making cleaning difficult over the teeth. Failure to keep up the proper oral hygiene measures can lead to accumulation of plaque. This causes gingival inflammation and damages periodontal health. Aim: To determine dental negligence score among orthodontic patients with braces and assess their associated oral hygiene practices. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of the study: This study took 6 months to complete and was conducted in Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology :104 orthodontic patients willing to participate and who had given informed consent were chosen for the study. Questionnaires were distributed and data was analyzed using SPSS 2020. Results: Before starting orthodontic treatment only 14% of respondents went regularly to the dentist and majority 64% had never been to a dentist before. However, after starting the orthodontic treatment 88% of the respondents became regular in their visits. This shows their dental negligence before and after starting the orthodontic treatment. Percentage of respondents brushing twice daily are around 70 %, using soft tooth brush are 77%, combining horizontal and vertical technique of brushing are 64%. Interdental brush is used by 66% of the respondents. However, other oral hygiene and dental care measures are inadequately maintained by orthodontic patients at home. This is especially true with regards to use of floss which is done by only 4% of the respondents. Conclusions: Dental neglect results in numerous harmful effects to the oral health. This study has shown variation in oral hygiene practices among responding patients. Orthodontist should encourage different practices that enhance oral hygiene in patients. Patients should also understand the increased need to maintain oral hygiene with use of braces and hence apply all the preached dental care and oral hygiene measures. Keywords: Dental negligence scale, orthodontic patients with fixed appliances, braces, oral hygiene
Background: Different behavioral therapies are used to reduce pain severity in patients undergoing separator placement apart from pharmacological treatments. However, there is limited local data.This study aimed to determine the frequency of high and low levels of activity in adult patients who needed separator placement and compared the mean pain scores with respect to baseline physical activity level following the intervention. Subjects and methods: It was a descriptive case series carried out at the Orthodontics Department, De’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, for a period of 3 months from 15.7. 2022 to 15.9.2022. Total 120 patients aged 18 to 40 years of both genders, who needed separator placement were included in the study. Patients were excluded if they had medical conditions or systemic diseases that was a contraindication for usage of fixed orthodontic appliances, had chronic pain or pain in the orofacial or dental region, had maxillary or mandibular fracture and who had previous history of mandibular or maxillary surgery. Baseline physical activity level was noted down as per clinical history. Patients then underwent separator placement. Results: Mean age of the patients was 28.67±6.312 years. There were 62 (51.7%) males and 58 (48.3%) females. Baseline low physical activity was found in 77 (64.2%) patients while high activity was found in 43 (35.8%) patients. Mean pain scores in the low physical activity group were 3.9±2.056 and in the high physical activity group were 2.26±2.094 and the difference was statistically significant i.e. p=0.001 as assessed by independent t-test. Conclusion: Frequency of low physical activity level was higher in patients and it was found to be associated with higher mean pain scores compared to patients who had high baseline level of physical activity.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the result of "casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate" with "sodium fluoride" (900 ppm) in remineralization of enamel after orthodontic debonding. METHODOLOY: This study was performed on premolars. Teeth were distributed into 3 groups A, B and C. The baseline microhardness of samples was measured. To create artificial demineralization, all samples were dipped in demineralizing solution. Surface microhardness (SMH) was re-measured for demineralization. Then, CPP-ACP was applied on teeth of gp B and NaF (900 ppm) was applied on teeth of gp C for remineralization. All teeth were cycled between deionized water and surface treatment for 12 weeks. The SMH of gp B and gp C was re-measured for remineralization. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were practiced to match MH before and after demineralization while keeping P value < 0.05. One way ANOVA was practiced to match mean difference in baseline MH and after demineralization. RESULTS: The baseline SMH of enamel decrease after demineralization. After application of test materials, mean SMH increased by 230.2 VHN and 207.5 VHN respectively. The %age of SMHR reveal the recovery rate of 41.2% in CPP-ACP and 19.1% in NaF group. CONCLUSION: For treating post orthodontic demineralized lesions, a remineralizing cream having casein phosphopeptide stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate is useful with some mineral and aesthetic improvements. KEYWORDS: Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), Sodium Fluoride (NaF), Surface Microhardness (SMH), Vickers Hardness Number (VHN), Rmineralization.
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