The present study was carried to investigate the cytological effects of six doses of gamma rays (1,2,3,4,5 K.rad and fractionated does (1 K.rad/24hrs for 5 days) in root meristems of Vicia faba plant. The data of the present study revealed that all radiation treatments reduced mitotic index and increased total chromosomal abnormalities. The most common of them were: stickness, laggards, bridges, micronulei, multinuclei, disturbed, c-metaphase, splitprophase, chromosome ring,tripolar and tetrpolar. The results also illustreed that There was a negative correlation between radiation dose and mitotic index but there was a positive correlation between radiation dose and total chromosomel abnormalities.Fractionated dose (1 K.rad/24hrs for 5 days had effects on mitotic index and total chromosomal abnormalities less than dose 3,4and 5 K.rad but it had intermediate effects between two dose 2 and 3 K.rad.
The present investigation was conducted to investigate the genetic effect of ethyl mathane sulphonate (EMS) on four tomato varieties. These varieties were Pritchared (1), Money Maker (2), No.10 (3) and Bison (4). Air-dried seeds of these varieties were treated with 0.10% EMS. Treated and untreated seeds of the four tomato varieties were individually sown and crossed according to half diallel program. EMS treatment induced slight improvement on plant height, yield components (fruit number, fruit weight and fruit yield), earliness of flowering and Vit. C content in all tomato varieties. Heterosis values over the mid parents and the better parent were recorded a highly improvement and increased for all studied traits in tomato hybrids after EMS treatment than their respective control. On the other hand, EMS treatment caused a reduction in inbreeding depression for all studied traits in tomato plants than their respective control. The highest values of hybrid vigor over the mid-parents were recorded after mutagenic treatment with EMS in hybrids: 1X4 (earliness of flowering -7.07%, fruit number 53.85% and Vit. C content 60.77%); 1X3 (fruit weight 43.26% and fruit yield 150.00%) and 2X3 (plant height 33.77%). On the other hand, The lowest values of inbreeding depression were observed after mutagenic treatment with EMS in hybrids: 2X3 (plant height 8.33%); 1X3 (fruit number 7.50% and fruit yield 9.99%); 1X4 (fruit weight 10.30%); 3X4 (Vit. C content 13.30%) and 1X2 (earliness of flowering -4.95%).
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