The growth of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is growing rapidly. Issues of oil palm plantations that are not environmentally friendly are continuously exposed. The purposes of this research are, 1) To determine the role of smallholder in managing oil palm plantations, 2) To analyse the status of sustainability of oil palm plantations, 3) To find sensitive attributes that affect the sustainability of smallholder oil palm plantation management. Analysis method is to answer the first objective which is done descriptively, the second objectives was conducted with MDS approach, with Rappalm, third objectives are to analyse attribute lever was conducted with Leverage analyse. The result of the research is that smallholders can cultivate oil palm plantations. The status of sustainability indicated a very sustainable status (80.41), meaning that economic factors and social factors leverage ecological factors to be sustainable. This means that smallholder should improve the pattern of oil palm crop farming, with lever attributes, namely tree planting among islands of oil palm (plot scale). The integration of sensitive attributes, with the economic dimension and social dimension, produced a research output which have provide solutions sustainability of the smallholder oil palm plantation.
Mahseer (Tor spp.) conservation programs require information related to habitat characteristics including phytoplankton biodiversity and community structure as biological characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate phytoplankton diversity and community structure in the mahseer habitat, namely reservation and protection area in Muara Bungo and Kerinci Districts of Jambi Province. This study was conducted four times samplings i.e. December 2018, April 2019, July 2019, and October 2019, at three sites of the protected area, namely in Lubuk Alai, Senamat River, and the protected area of Tarutung Village. Furthermore, the data at the three sites were compared with data outside the protected area. Biological indices of the phytoplankton were calculated. The results showed that the mahseer habitat had a high diversity of phytoplankton. The results showed that the mahseer habitat had 8 genera of phytoplankton diversity, dominated by the Bacillariophyceae class, especially Synedra sp. with a dominance rate of more than 60% at each station. The diversity index ranged from 0.95 to 1.18, the evenness index ranged from 0.40 to 0.82, and the dominance index ranged from 0.39–0.43 in protected areas.
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