ZnO-SiO 2 (ZSnc) nanoadsorbent was prepared by sol-gel method in the presenceof SDS as anionic surfactant (10-3 , 6 x 10-4 , and 10-4 mol/l),for removing methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The papered nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, TEM and surface area analysis. The factors affecting adsorption were thoroughly investigated and optimized. The mechanisms and kinetics of adsorption were explored.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of the proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, results in hyperglycemia. Abnormalities in the function of insulin on target cells, its release from beta cells, or both may contribute to DM. The purpose of this research was to assess the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and biochemical parameters. The study included 44 normal control subjects, 44 diabetic participants, who were separated into four groups based on their diabetes status and the results of fundoscopic examination. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure the levels of BDNF in the serum. The analysis revealed that diabetics had significantly lower serum BDNF levels than non-diabetics (p< 0.001). Also, there was a significant reduction in BDNF levels with the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in comparison with diabetics without DR (p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum BDNF levels decreased significantly in diabetics with and without DR compared to apparently healthy individuals, as well as with the progression of DR.

Adsorption assessment of ZnO-SiO 2 (ZSnc) by UV/Vis spectro-photometery was used to monitor the removal of the cationic dye (MB)from waste waters. Silica nanoparticles with a high adsorption capacitywere prepared by sol-gel method. SiO 2 modification was done bydissolving various ratios of zinc oxides at 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%.With a view to explain the adsorptive characteristics, they were portrayed by XRD, TEM, EDX, SEM, N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms techniques and FT-IR. The results showed that anamorphous shape and porous structure were obtained by the sol-gel method. The calcination time of nanomaterial and concentration of MB have a significant effect on the adsorption efficiency. The equilibrium data were evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms in order to determine the best adjustment to the experimental data. Langmuir model has been the most appropriate for fitting the experimental data. Additionally, the adsorption kinetics is best described by the pseudo-second order model at a different concentration. Values demonstrated that the adsorption process is exothermic, spontaneous, and favorable. The results elucidated the potential for a new utilize of mesostructured nanomaterial as an active adsorbent.