Background: Albumin and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) are known biomarkers that can reflect systemic inflammation and it has been hypothesized that combination of both markers in one score (albumin-dNLR score) can be useful in monitoring rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The current study intended to measure albumin-dNLR score in patients with RA in the order to find whether these new biomarkers could reflect the activity of the disease and the articular activity detected by ultrasonography. We measured serum albumin and dNLR in blood samples obtained from 100 RA patients and from 100 apparently healthy controls (HC). Albumin-dNLR score was calculated according to the presence of hypoalbuminemia (≤ 3.76 gm/dl) and/or raised dNLR (>1.37). Results: RA patients had a significantly elevated dNLR (p< 0.001) and albumin-dNLR score (p< 0.001) compared to their levels in HC, while serum albumin was significantly decreased (p< 0.001) in RA patients than its level in HC. In RA patients, albumin-dNLR score correlated significantly with DAS28 (p< 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p< 0.001), C-reactive protein (p< 0.001), grey scale (p< 0.001), power Doppler (p< 0.001) and total ultrasound score (p< 0.001). Also, tender joint count, ESR and albumin-dNLR score were significant predictors of DAS28 in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions: Our study settled that albumin-dNLR score is increased in RA patients than in healthy subjects. The score correlated well with DAS28, acute phase reactants, and ultrasonographic synovitis scores implying that it could be an easy valuable biomarker to monitor RA disease activity.
Good oral health during pregnancy can possibly reduce complications and this will improve the quality of life of the pregnant woman. In addition, this will prevent the risk of the child to develop early childhood dental caries in the future. The main objective of this study was to determine if there is an association existingbetween the level of knowledge on oral health and utilization of dental services among pregnant women. Furthermore, the study determined the (a) proportion among pregnant women who had high level of knowledge regarding dental careduring pregnancy, (b) proportion of pregnant women who ever visited the dentist during pregnancy, (c) proportions of expecting women who are regularly brushing her teeth and whouses dental floss during pregnancy, and (d) factors that hinders the expecting women from visiting the dentist during pregnancy. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at El Minia University Maternal and Child Health Hospital, El Minia, Egypt. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 200 expectant mothers, approached 156 out of them returned completed questionnaires, representing a response rate of 78%. Results revealed that: (a) nearly 65% of pregnant mothers had a high level of poor knowledge regarding dental care during pregnancy, (b) roughly 24% of pregnant women ever visited the dentist during pregnancy, (c) about 80% and 43% of expecting women regularly brush their teeth at least twice per day and use dental floss during pregnancy, respectively, and (d) among the factors that hinder the expecting women from visiting the dentist during pregnancy include having no time to visit, the consultation cost, fear and anxiety about the procedure, long waiting time, transportation problem and the idea of not needing the dental care. Moreover, the results showed that there was no sufficient evidence to say that the level of knowledge regarding dental service during pregnancy is associated with the utilization of dental service during pregnancy (Pearson Chi-square p-value = .160). The study concludes that health promotion on oral care during prenatal visits should address the mythologies and misconceptions among pregnant women. Therefore, healthcare providers should raise awareness among expectant mothers about giving special attention to oral health needs due to the higher risk of oral diseases that may affect pregnancy and the child inside the womb.
ron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and silver complexes of 1,3-di-[p-tolyl]-2,4-di-[9H-purin-6-yl]-2,4dichlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane, H2L ligand were performed and characterized using spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The 1:2(L:M) complex structures of such complexes were revealed by spectroscopic analysis. The spectroscopic findings also suggested an octahedral structure for all complexes except for the tetrahedral silver complex. The ligand was coordinated to metal ions through exocyclic-NH and pyrimidine-N. Furthermore, computational studies of the H2L ligand were performed by the DFT/B3LYP methodology in which the ligand was improved. HOMO and LUMO energy values, chemical hardness, electronegativity, softness, and other parameters were calculated. The antitumor activity of all produced compounds was studied versus, human being breast carcinoma and human being colorectal carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 & HCT-116). Additionally, antibacterial, and antifungal activity were also investigated.
has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and rheumatoid arthritis, due to its activity against a wide range of immunological gene targets. Overexpression of miR-155 may represent a hallmark feature in Alopecia areata (AA) disease pathogenesis and across multiple autoimmune conditions. It could potentially reflect and or influence the activation of T cells in autoimmune diseas. The present work aims is to assess serum level of miRNA-155 in patients with AA. MiR-155 level was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 30 patients with AA and 30 individuals as healthy controls. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in serum miR-155 level in patients than in controls. Conclusion: Serum level of miR-155 was significantly higher in patients with AA than controls, which indicated its role in the pathogenesis of AA.
I. Literature ReviewSeveral researches related to automatic feature recognition are presented in this section focusing on how each technique extraction process is done.JaiderOussama et al.[1] presented a system for recognizing isolated and interacting features for rotational parts. The system is organized into three main modules; the first module extracts and stores the data from a STEP AP203 file, the second module recognizes isolated features according to a rule based technique and in the last module a feature generator system was developed to recognize interacting features through the analysis of adjacent surfaces of each feature. This later module determines whether the feature is perfect or imperfect. The system built gives several suggested combinations of the parts which are generated by the features generation module.Haiyan Li et al.[2] presented a hint based reusable feature shape recognition system. The reusable feature shape recognition system is used to extract the geometric entities. An explanation to the generic shape was presented. The generic shapes were classified into vertex class, edge class and face class. The generic shapes also could be isolated or hybrid. The isolated generic shapes are the shapes that are independent of the other shapes. The hybrid generic shapes are the shapes composed of different isolated shapes.The hybrid features are classified into containing, fusing and intersecting hybrid features.Abouel Nasr et al.[3] proposed a methodology for automatic feature recognition of simple and complex features. The methodology is based on an object oriented structure and the input is a STEP AP203 file. A rule based techniques was used to recognize the features based on a geometric reasoning. The developed methodology was implemented and verified through a case study. The proposed methodology recognized only limited features. Also, it ignores the feature interaction between the features to be recognized.Sunil et al.[4] developed a hybrid technique for automatic feature recognition of prismatic parts. A graph and rule based hybrid techniques are used to recognize interacting features. The output of the system is a text file with a native feature based format similar to STEP. For each feature recognized post-processing routine were written to compute the feature parameters. The developed techniques didn't deal with protrusions and complex volumetric interactions which are essential in manufacturing processes.Tan et al.[5]introduced a methodology of recognition of blind and through holes. The system used STEP file as an input to the system. The feature recognition system consists of three modules. The first module generates the STEP file. Module number two extracts the geometric information from the STEP file. Module number three is the feature recognition module using rule based technique.The study is limited only for feature recognition of holes without any feature interaction.Rameshbabu and Shunmugam [6] developed a hybrid approach using volume subtraction and face adjacency graph to re...
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