epilepsy-related) and 30 medication dispensing events (7 epilepsy-related) per year. Eight studies reported on QOL burden; 6 on cognitive difficulties (language, visuospatial, and memory development delays) and 4 on behavioral disorders (anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit disorder). Children with POS scored below average on cognitive assessments, and up to 42%, 16%, and 19% had depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit disorder, respectively. Conclusions: Incidence and prevalence of POS in children are high, similar to that of childhood type 1 diabetes; further, healthcare cost, utilization, and QOL burdens facing patients with POS are significant, especially among the group with refractory seizures. Most studies did not report outcomes aggregated by age groups or did not stratify by POS, which was true for utilization. Future studies focused exclusively on children with POS would be useful to more precisely describe the burden.
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