Sydenham chorea is known for its rapid, irregular, and aimless involuntary movements and is considered a benign and self-limiting condition among the major manifestations of rheumatic fever. The current study reviewed the demographic, clinical, and paraclinical findings of pediatric patients with Sydenham chorea. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 22 patients with Sydenham chorea who were admitted to the pediatric wards of Mashhad Imam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals between 2006 and 2016. Data from these patients' medical records were extracted, organized using checklist forms, and analyzed. Results: Eight patients were male and 14 were female. The average age was 10.09±3.53 years. In 31.8% of patients, chorea was the only sign of rheumatic fever. Chorea was unilateral in 21.1% of patients. The most common clinical findings were, in descending order, jerky movements, facial grimacing, gait disorders, mental disorders, speech disorders, muscle weakness, and milkmaid's grip. Cardiac auscultation was normal in 76.2% of patients, while a holosystolic murmur was heard in 23.8%. In laboratory exams, 50% of patients were erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ES-R)-positive, 31.2% were C-reactive protein (CRP)-positive, and 53.3% were anti-streptolysin O (ASO)-positive. Echocardiography showed the prevalence of mitral regurgitation (63.6%), aortic regurgitation (45.5%), tricuspid regurgitation (22.7%), pulmonary regurgitation (4.5%), and pericardial effusion (4.5%). Conclusion: This study showed that Sydenham chorea can be the only sign of rheumatic fever. This disease typically occurs in children between the ages of 7 and 12. ESR, CRP, and ASO can be the most effective laboratory tests for diagnosis.

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Purpose. To evaluate changes in anterior segment parameters measured by imaging in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods. This longitudinal observational study included patients who recovered from COVID-19. All subjects exhibited a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with a positive result of nasopharyngeal reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction evaluation. Corneal Pentacam (Oculus, Dutenhofen, Germany) imaging was performed at least two weeks after recovery from systemic COVID-19. Measurements were repeated one and three months later. Results. A total of 20 patients, 11 (55%) of whom were females, with a mean age of 35.5 ± 7.1 years (age range: 25–51 years) recovered from nonhospitalized COVID-19 infection, were enrolled in this study. An increase in the keratometry mean front, keratometry mean back, cornea volume, and anterior chamber depth was observed in the longitudinal evaluation; however, they showed no statistical significance. The anterior chamber volume was statistically increased at three-month follow-up, compared to baseline (baseline: 177.8 ± 36.68 mm3; three months: 182.25 ± 39.58 mm3, P = 0.048 ). Conclusion. COVID-19 infection may affect the cornea and anterior segment.