Multipath environment is a limitation fact in optimized usage of wireless networks. Using smart antenna and beamforming algorithms contributed to that subscribers get a higher-gain signal and better directivity as well as reduce the consumed power for users and the mobile base stations by adjusting the appropriate weights for each element in the antenna array that leads to reducing interference and directing the main beam to wanted user. In this paper, the performance of three of beamforming algorithms in multipath environment in terms of Directivity and side lobe level reduction has been studied and compared, which are least mean square (LMS), genetic algorithm (GA) and grey wolf optimization (GWO) technique. The simulation result appears that LMS algorithm aids us to get the best directivity followed by the GWO, and we may get most sidelobe level reduction by using the GA algorithm, followed by LMS algorithm in second rank.
<p><br />The grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is considered an inspired meta-heuristic algorithm, which inspired by the social hierarchy and hunting behavior of the grey wolves. GWO has a high-performance capability of solving constrained, as well as unconstrained optimization problems. In this paper, the beamforming of smart antennas in a code division multiple access system based on the GWO algorithm is investigated. The sidelobe level (SLL) is minimized along with peak sidelobe level reduction, as well as an optimal beam pattern has been accomplished by using GWO to uniform linear antenna arrays. In this work, an amplitude is introduced as constant, while the interspacing distance between antenna array elements and the number of elements in a linear array are variables. The simulation results show that a faster convergence and likely high accurate beamforming are gained using GWO based method. Finally, it is shown that the GWO outperforms the genetic algorithm (GA) based method.</p>
Cultural algorithm (CA) is a new evolutionary program inspired by sociology and archaeology theories that assisting formulating cultural evaluation. Its use to solve optimization problems. This paper analyzed the beamforming of a uniform circular antenna array (UCAA) via using the CA algorithm. The sidelobe level (SLL) is minimized by adjusting the appropriate weight for each element. In addition, the optimal beam pattern is achieved by using CA for UCAA, which means that the main beam is steering to the desired user, while the nulls represent the interference signals. The excitation amplitude is supposed to be constant while the elements are assumed isotropic. The circular array number elements and the interspacing distance between them are setting as optimization parameters. The simulation results show that the CA rationally reacts to the changing environments, and it is valuable for SLL reduction. A −25 dB of relative SLL is achieved under beam scanning (0º) and (15º), respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.