Background: Women must be provided with necessary health services for a child's good health and future during pregnancy. Women's health has experienced a considerable epidemiological change during the past several decades. Maternal well-being and health affect not only the developed world but predominantly the developing nations. Differences in resource allocation between industrialized and developing countries ultimately led to notable differences in pregnancy complications and deaths. Aim: To investigate these barriers. A literature review was carried out to address this research topic. Methodology: Six online databases AMED, CINAHL PLUS, PUBMED, MEDLINE, COCHRANE LIBRARY and SCIENCE DIRECT were used for a preliminary search that yielded 6353 articles. No grey literature was discovered due to time restrictions. Seven publications were discovered to be eligible for inclusion in the literature review after carefully reading, analysing, and evaluating them with the help of critical appraisal techniques. After the initially searched articles were filtered using robust inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings: Data were taken from different sources like the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHSs), WHO, and a comparison was made with the findings from different factors. The analysis concentrates on women of Pakistan having maternal health issues and maternal health services. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) is used for the assessment and qualitative analysisof this study. Practical implications: By addressing the issues highlighted in this paper there appears to be substantial room for improvements in Pakistan’s pregnancy outcomes. This review provides a better understanding of the risk factors determining maternal mortality in Pakistan.Public awareness is important as this paper almost covered the different platforms which are working on maternal health servicesto aware the society. To promote maternal health messages and encourage pregnant women to receive maternal healthcare services, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and health organizations can adopt a variety of campaigns. Results: This study discussed the impact of different factorswhich effect on maternal health. Different factors are associated with utilizing maternal healthcare services at antenatal care and delivery stages of pregnancy in Pakistan. This review concentrated on the economic and social vulnerability of pregnant women and emphasized the importance of parallel, more all-encompassing initiatives, like poverty reduction and women's empowerment. Poor maternal health in Pakistan has many root causes, including undernourishment of young girls, early marriage, high fertility rates, and unmet contraceptive needs. Conclusion: The key factors influencing women's hesitation and refusal to use the health facilities in Pakistan include structural hurdles, maternal knowledge and education levels, and men's dominance in decision-making, according to the themes drawn from the literature. Keywords: Pregnant women, Maternal health, Ante-natal care, Pakistan,Demographic and health surveys,
Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon malignant tumour of the sebaceous glands. This lesion typically occurs as painless and slow growing nodule in the eyelid region. In rarity, it can develop on buccal mucosa, head and neck, and other regions of the body in people in their 60s and 70s. Sebaceous carcinoma is locally aggressive and carries the potential of regional and distant spread. We present the case of a 15-year-old male who was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma over the forehead. After discussing the case in the board meeting, surgery was performed to remove the tumour with 1cm margin. Outer table of the frontal bone was also removed and intraoperative frozen section was done for margin clearance. After the Figure 1excision, soft tissue coverage was done with free Anterolateral thigh flap and the patient received six cycles of post-operative radiation therapy.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of topical steroid in treatment of hyper granulation tissue in burn patients in term of healing time. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (RCT). Setting: Jinnah Burn & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. Period: May 2017 to November 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 32 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 16 patients in each group by lottery method. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. In group A, topical 1% hydrocortisone (Fusidin H) cream was applied and Group B received Medicated Paraffin gauze (bactigrass) dressing. Wound assessment was done weekly by 2 consultant plastic surgeons and final assessment was done at 3weeks after the treatment. Results: The mean age of patients was 28.6 + 8.81 years, among them 22(68.8%) were male and 10(31.3%) were females. Mean healing time in Group A and Group B was 12.8 +2.08 days and 15.4+1.6 days respectively. Efficacy was calculated as P value of 0.12 which is significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Topical steroid (hydrocortisone 1%) is more effective in treatment of hyper granulation in post burn wounds with early healing than medicated paraffin gauze dressing.
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