An investigation was conducted to assess the air quality impact and possible health risk of solid waste disposal on surrounding environment of Matuail landfill site in Dhaka city. Three different locations were selected for soil and plant samples. Leachate samples were collected from active dumping area and fish samples from treated leachate pond. Seven different locations were selected for air quality and health risk assessments. It is found that Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations were high in the soil of dumping and abandoned areas that exceeded the permissible limits. The heavy metal concentrations in plant samples did not show any significant contamination except Cu, Zn and Pb that also exceeded the permissible limits. The concentrations of DO, BOD, COD and TDS of the untreated leachate were found 1.34 mg L 1 , 96 mg L 1 , 1343 mg L 1 and 7120 mg L 1 , respectively that exceeded inland surface water standard but after treatment its concentrations were found within the permissible limits. The presence of heavy metals in leachate sample was not contaminated as it was below the toxic limits. The bioaccumulation of fish sample from treated pond is extremely high of Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni that exceeded the WHO's permissible limits. The air quality results showed that the Matuail landfill surrounding sites did not have an adverse effect. The air pollutants such as NOx, SO2, SPM, PM10, PM2.5 and CO contents are within national standard limits. Overall, the risk assessments demonstrated that potential air emissions from the Matuail Landfill site do not pose public health risks. It is clear that if the dumping landfill site is properly managed by segregating the waste according to their source, then this waste could be used as compost or organic manures. However, by maintaining disposal sites with controlled placement and proper treatment of the waste may reduce the possible adverse impact on air, human health and agrienvironmental eco-systems. Further investigation on the impacts related to the final disposal of solid waste and the future landfill requirement at different composting and a comparative study is suggested.
This study was conducted to evaluate the variability, trends, volatility, and transition patterns of rainfall in drought-prone northwest Bangladesh. Daily rainfall recorded at five stations for the period 1959–2018 were used for this purpose. Non-parametric tests of variability changes, a modified Mann–Kendall trend test, innovative trend analysis (ITA), a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH)–jump model, and a Markov chain (MC) were used to assess the variability changes, trends, volatility, and transitions in rainfall to understand the possibility of the persistence of droughts and their predictability. The results showed an overall decrease of variability in annual and seasonal rainfall, but an increase in mean pre-monsoon rainfall and a decrease in mean monsoon rainfall. This caused a decrease in pre-monsoon droughts, but few changes in monsoon droughts. The ITA and rainfall anomaly analysis revealed high temporal variability and, thus, rapid shifts in rainfall regimes, which were also supported by the volatility dynamics and time-varying jumps from the GARCH–jump model and the rapid changes in drought index from the MC analysis. Therefore, the lack of drought in recent years cannot be considered as an indicator of declining droughts in the region.
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the composition, abundance, and distribution of phytoplankton in the coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh (BoB) adjacent to the St. Martin’s Island.Samples were collected from 14 stations on low tide during the day time from March 13 - 19, 2020. In the present investigation, a total of 62 diatoms and 6 dinoflagellates were identified. Among diatoms, most dominant species were contributed by the genera Coscinodiscus followed by Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, and Thalassionema. Among dinoflagellates, four species of Ceratiumand one species from each of Dinophysisand Gonyaulax were identified. The cell count of total phytoplankton varied from 87,500-437,500 in d/m3 of sea water and the highest phytoplankton was found at station 4. Coscinodiscus was the most dominant genus of the centric diatoms in all the stations and its abundance ranged from 25,000-100,000 in d/m3. The highest number of Coscinodiscus was found at station 4. The result of this study showed that phytoplankton composition and their abundance varied from one station to another. But not much difference was observed among the ranges of physicochemical factors. Water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen ranged from 26.5-27.17°C, 32.09-33.76 ppt, 8.16-8.20, and 5.85-6.12 mg/l, respectively. The species richness factor and the diversity index factor as determined with the help of generic abundance which revealed the ranges from 1.51-4.93 and 1.52-2.22, respectively. The ranges of salinity and temperature recorded in the present investigation are quite consistent with the optimum ranges reported for marine habitats. The qualitative structure of phytoplankton shows similarities with other studies carried out in the BoB at different times. However, variability in the population density of phytoplankton in different studied stations may not be responsible for different water quality parameters rather than oceanic currents and tides. The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 10(2), 2021, P 21-34
This research aims to critically analyze the manifestation of accountability issues in disaster related major policies of Bangladesh as well as its field level implications. For that purpose, five major policies related to the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) of Bangladesh have been meticulously selected and analyzed. Critical analysis of the policy contents with regard to a model accountability framework has been principally adopted to derive the insights. Key Informant Interview (KII) with experts in the relevant fields has been considered for empirical data collection on accountability practices. The findings reveal existence of well-articulated accountability principles implanted into the policy dictates alongside weak institutional arrangements and governance mechanism to implement them at the empirical level. However, the remarkable progress of Bangladesh in disaster risk management against the partially dysfunctional accountability framework seemingly takes place by reaping benefits from indigenous knowledge and community based adaptive practices. The policy makers need to better understand the institutional mechanisms as well as the community level practices for DRR and finally mainstream them in the policy making process. The findings will potentially serve as a standard assessment of the current status of disaster risk governance in Bangladesh. The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 11(1), 2022: 69-80
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