Due to the variability in the site of enteric duplications, a wide range of presenting symptoms can exist, which is challenging for diagnosis. In children with a diagnosis of acute abdomen, enteric duplication cysts should be considered, and these children should be further investigated for additional skeletal, urogenital, and gastrointestinal system pathologies. Surgical treatment depends on the site and type of the cyst.
Accurate assessment of cell stiffness distribution is essential due to the critical role of cell mechanobiology in regulation of vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, migration, and motility. Stiffness provides critical information in understanding onset and progress of various diseases, including metastasis and differentiation of cancer. Atomic force microscopy and optical trapping set the gold standard in stiffness measurements. However, their widespread use has been hampered with long processing times, unreliable contact point determination, physical damage to cells, and unsuitability for multiple cell analysis. Here, we demonstrate a simple, fast, label-free, and high-resolution technique using acoustic stimulation and holographic imaging to reconstruct stiffness maps of single cells. We used this acousto-holographic method to determine stiffness maps of HCT116 and CTC-mimicking HCT116 cells and differentiate between them. Our system would enable widespread use of whole-cell stiffness measurements in clinical and research settings for cancer studies, disease modeling, drug testing, and diagnostics.
Energetic pathways combine in the heart of metabolism. These essential routes supply energy for biochemical processes through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, they support the synthesis of various biomolecules employed in growth and survival over branching pathways. Yet, cellular energetics are often misguided in cancers as a result of the mutations and altered signaling. As nontransformed and Pasteur-like cells metabolize glucose through oxidative respiration when only oxygen is sufficient, some cancer cells bypass this metabolic switch and run glycolysis at higher rates even in the presence of oxygen. The phenomenon is called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. An increasing number of studies indicate that both Warburg and Pasteur phenotypes are recognized in the cancer microenvironment and take vital roles in the regulation of drug resistance mechanisms such as redox homeostasis, apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, the different phenotypes call for different therapeutic approaches.Combined therapies targeting energy metabolism grant new opportunities to overcome the challenges. Nevertheless, new biomarkers emerge to classify the energetic subtypes, thereby the cancer therapy, as our knowledge in coupling energy metabolism with cancer behavior grows. Anti-Cancer Drugs 33: e69-e75 Copyright
Objectives: This study is the first to urodynamically and histopathologically evaluates the effects of bladder diverticulum (BD) secondary to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Methods: Guinea pigs (n=32) weighing 900–1,000 g were divided randomly into four groups: Sham, BD, BOO, and BD combined with BOO. All guinea pigs in the four groups underwent urodynamic evaluation preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively. The bladders were removed and examined histopathologically. Results: The post-operative filling detrusor pressure was lower in the Sham group (7.1±1.6 cm H 2 O) than in the BD (21.4±5.6 cm H 2 O) and BD with BOO groups (23.6±9.3 cm H 2 O) (p<0.05). There was no difference between the Sham and BOO (9.5±4.0) groups. Post-operative bladder compliance was better in the Sham group (2.3±0.8 ml/cm H 2 O) than in the BD (0.9±0.22 ml/cm H 2 O) and BD with BOO groups (0.6±0.3 ml/cm H 2 O) (p<0.05). Involuntary detrusor contraction was not observed in the Sham or BOO groups, but was observed in 37.5% of subjects in the BD and BD with BOO groups. On histological examination, the bladder wall was thicker (3.75±0.68 mm) (p=0.601), and the connective tissue volume was significant increased (p=0.046), in the bladder muscularis mucosa in the BD groups compared to the BOO group. Conclusion: Physiological and histopathological changes in the bladder with BD combined with BOO are more evident than with BOO alone.
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