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The objective of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of hesperidin against oxidative stress, altered cytokines levels and histological changes in rats induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Rats were divided randomly into four equal groups (Control, TCDD, hesperidin and TCDD+hesperidin). TCDD and hesperidin were given by gavage, dissolved in corn oil at doses of 2 /kg/week and 50 mg/kg/day respectively. The blood and tissue samples were taken from all rats on the 60 th day, to be analyzed for the determination of oxidative stress, histological changes and cytokine levels. The results indicated that hesperidin prevented oxidative damage caused by TCDD via decrease lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant defense systems. It also reversed the histological damage induced by TCDD. Although, TCDD led to a significant increase in TNF-␣ and IL-1␤ levels, hesperidin treatment was able to normalize these values in rats. In conclusion, it was shown that TCDD caused adverse effects as regards cytokine levels, histological alterations and oxidative stress in rats. However, hesperidin treatment mitigated these toxic effects. These results suggest that hesperidin could play a protective role against TCDD toxicity.

Object: To prepare a national guideline for Otorhinolaryngologist who treat allergic rhinitis patients. Methods: The study was conducted by three authors, namely the writing support team. The support team made the study plan, determined the writing instructions, chose the subgroups including the advisory committee, the advisors for authors and the authors. A workshop was organized at the very beginning to explain the details of the study to the team. Advisors took the chance to meet their coworkers in their subgroups and determined the main headings and subheadings of the guideline, together with the authors. After key words were determined by the authors, literature search was done in various databases. The authors keep in touch with the advisors and the advisors with the advisory committee and the support group at every stage of the study. National and International published articles as well as the abstracts of unpublished studies, imperatively presented in National Congresses, were included in this guideline. Only Guideline and meta-analyses published in last seven years (2013-2017) and randomized controlled studies published in last two years (2015-2017) were included. After all work was completed by the subgroups, support team brought all work together and edited the article. Results: A detailed guideline about all aspects of allergic rhinitis was created. Conclusion: The authors believe that this guideline will enable a compact and up-to-date information on allergic rhinitis to healthcare professionals. This guideline is the first in the field of Otolaryngology in Turkey. It should be updated at regular intervals.

BackgroundSplenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are uncommon but the most common visceral artery aneurysm. Splenic artery aneurysms are important to recognize because up to 25% may be complicated by rupture and the mortality rate after rupture is between 25% and 70%.Case reportWe present a patient who have abdominal pain. Previously healthy 22-year-old female admitted to emergency department with abdominal pain. Her physical examination reveals only left upper quadrant tenderness. Suddenly she developed hypovolemic shock. On emergent laparotomy massive blood collection within peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneal space at the left upper quadrant was detected. The source of bleeding was evident as rupture of splenic artery aneurysm. Splenectomy was performed following the ligation of splenic artery proximal to lesion. On the tenth day she was discharged from the hospital with complete recovery.ConclusionIt is important to remember rupture of splenic artery aneurysm in patients with abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock status.

ObjectivesThe Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)‐22 is a widely used health‐related quality of life questionnaire. This study aimed to conduct a translation and validation study of the SNOT‐22 in the Turkish language.DesignWe achieved a convenient translation and cultural adaptation process to translate the original SNOT‐22 into the Turkish language (observational prospective cohort study).SettingThis study was conducted in a single tertiary‐level university hospital.ParticipantsWe performed reliability, validity and responsiveness analyses in 313 participants. One hundred eighty‐nine of the participants were the chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) group, and 79 healthy volunteers enrolled in the control group. Twenty‐nine participants who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS were evaluated for pre‐postoperative responsiveness analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresReliability (internal consistency and test‐retest reproducibility), validity, responsiveness, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.909 in the CRS test group, 0.955 in the CRS retest group, and 0.916 in the control group. The reliability value (Pearson correlation coefficient) of the test‐retest group was 0.901. The validity was assessed by the independent sample t‐test between the CRS and control groups and resulted in a significant difference (P < 0.001). Responsiveness was interpreted using the paired t‐test between pre‐ and post‐medical and pre‐ and post‐surgical treatment groups; statistical analysis found significance in both groups (P < 0.001). When using the SNOT‐22 cut‐off value of 33.5, the sensitivity and specificity of the Turkish version of the SNOT‐22 was 54.5% and 75.9%, respectively (95% CI, area under the curve (AUC): 0.69, range 0.624–0.756, P = 0.000).ConclusionsThe authors suggest that the Turkish SNOT‐22 is a valid, reliable, reproducible and responsive questionnaire.