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Overall, HPMC was found to combine desired controlled release and mucoadhesion characteristics with sufficient pharmaceutical quality for optimization of buccal tablets. Piribedil mucoadhesive buccal tablets designed for the first time may introduce a new alternative for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Sensory evaluation is a critical process in product development and consumer research. It is a fastly growing field due to innovation of novel techniques. The objective of this study was determination of sensory properties of red raspberry extract in fruity flavoured beverages comparison to the synthetic preservatives. For this purpose, an organoleptic stability study on fruity flavoured beverages was conducted storing them at several temperatures (room temperature, 2±2°C and 40±2°C) in the dark for 3 months. Sensory quality of beverages was analysed. Difference in pH and data obtained from°Brix measurements during storage was evaluated statistically. Room temperature and 40±2°C were detected to affect sensory characteristics of beverages. Highest variations were observed at 40± 2°C. Beverages stored at 2± 2°C displayed most acceptable appearance in organoleptic evaluation and insignificant change occured. It was also found that red raspberry extract provided stable sensory effects, color, flavour and taste, in beverages compared to synthetic preservatives at 2±2°C.

Üner (2018) Analysis of volatile flavour components by dynamic headspace analysis/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in roasted pistachio extracts using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and sensory analysis,

No abstract

In this study, Tombul type hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) were extracted by supercritical carbondioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and maceration method. The extraction yielded in 8.5% by SC-CO2 extraction when 0.84% by maceration. Extracted hazelnuts were analyzed by Dynamic Headspace Analysis/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and 24 volatile compounds were detected after SC-CO2 method while 41 compounds were detected after maceration. Flavour and antioxidant value preserved Hazelnut extract by SC-CO2 technique showed better radical scavenging ability in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than the one by maceration. Antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained by SC-CO2 (12.35±0.06 μg/mL) and by maceration (8.79±0.23 μg/mL) had a medium impact compared with the synthetic antioxidant standards (P< 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the total phenolic contents of the hazelnut extracts obtained by SC-CO2 method and by maceration (P < 0.05). As a result, SC-CO2 technique for extraction of Tombul type hazelnuts was concluded to be more beneficial and suitable compared to maceration technique.

In this study, the stems, leaves, flowers, roots and mixed all parts of five Salvia species were analyzed for their trace element (Li,

Topical formulations of 18-β glycyrrhetinic acid (18-β GA) were designed for use in relieving inflammatory and painful conditions of the skin. Formulations were containing penetration enhancers that differ in penetration enhancing mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effects of formulations and effects of penetration enhancers on penetration and permeation of the drug through rat skin were investigated. The total amount of 18-β GA permeated from the base oil/water emulsion (53.19 ± 22.25 mcg/cm 2 ) was approximately twice higher than the base oleaginous cream (29.17 ± 3.85 mcg/cm 2 ) while there was no 18-β GA permeation from the base hydrogel formulation to the skin (p < 0.05). Incorporation of propylene glycol was generally found to increase 18-β GA permeation to the skin. The highest oedema inhibiting activity was achieved in the oil/water emulsion containing propylene glycol followed by the base oil/water emulsion without a penetration enhancer (p < 0.05). This result was consistent with the ex vivo study. Limonene and oleic acid were found to be insufficient in 18-β GA permeation to the skin. RezumatAu fost elaborate formulări topice ale acidului gliciretinic 18-β (GA 18-β), cu promotori de penetrare, pentru utilizarea acestora în ameliorarea bolilor inflamatorii ale pielii. Au fost cercetate efectele antiinflamatoare ale formulărilor și efectele promotorilor de penetrare asupra penetrării și permeării medicamentului prin pielea șobolanului. Cantitatea totală de 18-β GA pătrunsă în piele din emulsia de bază U/A (53,19 ± 22,25 mcg/cm 2 ) a fost aproximativ de două ori mai mare decât din crema oleaginoasă (29,17 ± 3,85 mcg/cm 2 ). Nu a existat o permeare de 18-β GA din formularea hidrogelului de bază (p < 0,05). Încorporarea propilenglicolului a crescut permeabilitatea GA-18-β în piele. Cea mai mare activitate de inhibare a edemelor a fost obținută cu emulsia U/A conținând propilenglicol, urmată de emulsia U/A de bază fără promotor de penetrare (p < 0,05). Acest rezultat a fost în concordanță cu studiul ex vivo. Limonenul și acidul oleic s-au dovedit a fi insuficiente în creșterea permeabilității GA-18-β prin piele.