Scimitar syndrome, or pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is a rare congenital anomaly, in which all the right pulmonary veins drain into the inferior vena cava. In this study, we review the diagnostic features, clinical management, and surgical strategy in the Scimitar syndrome and discuss the significance of new generation diagnostic imaging methods for this rare anomaly.

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BackgroundRedo-sternotomy for mitral valve (MV) surgery may be complex and attendant complications can be avoided using anterolateral right thoracotomy, deep hypothermia (20°C, nasopharyngeal) with low flow cardiopulmonary perfusion. Video-assisted minithoracotomy technique is a further improvement.MethodsWe performed 20 consecutive MV operations in patients with previous cardiac surgery using video-assisted right minithoracotomy, femoro-femoral bypass, deep hypothermia, low flow cardiopulmonary bypass without aortic cross-clamping. The mean follow-up was 30 ± 17.8 mo. Data is presented as the mean ± standard deviation of the mean.ResultsThere were 11 males and 9 females (age, 62.3 ± 12.1; ejection fraction 50.1 ± 11.2). Operations included MV replacement (n = 11), MV repair (n = 5), and MV re-replacement (n = 4). There were no hospital deaths, and the mean hospital stay was 8 ± 2.9 days. There were no postoperative strokes or need for mechanical circulatory support. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 152 ± 28 minutes. Two patients (10%) required inotropic support beyond 24 hrs. All patients were free from inotropic support at 48 hours. The mean number of transfused red cell units was 2.8 ± 0.8 (range, 2 to 4). One patient died in another institution six months postoperatively following surgery for acute type III aortic dissection. At 30 ± 17.8 months follow-up all patients were found to be in NYHA Class I or II.ConclusionsMinimally invasive video-assisted MV surgery using deep hypothermia, low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass without aortic clamping can result in excellent clinical outcomes in patients with previous cardiac surgery via a median sternotomy. This technique offers reproducible results, good myocardial protection (as evidenced by the low rate of inotropic support that patients needed postoperatively), and low rates of complications.

ÖZETAmaç: Mitral kapak tamiri günümüz kalp cerrahisinde mitral yetmezliğin her tipinde ilk seçenek olarak akla gelmelidir. Çalışmamızda ciddi mitral yetersizlik nedeniyle uygulanan mitral kapak tamirlerinin klinik sonuçlarını değerlendirdik. Yöntemler: Bu prospektif kohort çalışmada mitral kapak tamiri planlanan 103 hastamızın (61 erkek, 42 kadın) ortalama yaşı 53.2±14.8 idi. Mitral kapak patolojisi hastaların %86'sında yetmezlik ve %14'ünde karışık tipti. Yüz (%97.1) hastada tamir girişimi başarılı idi. Ek cerrahi girişim 57 (%57) hastada yapıldı, bunların 31'i koroner arter baypas ve 13'ü triküspit kapak tamiri şeklindeydi. Ameliyat sonrası erken (<30 gün) ve geç (>30 gün) dönem komplikasyonlar araştırıldı. Tüm hastalara taburcu olduklarında ve klinik takip sırasında ekokardiyografi yapıldı. Geç hayatta kalım ve tromboembolizm, endokardit, reoperasyon ve rezidüel ciddi mitral yetersizlikten gibi istenmeyen olaylardan bağımsız olma oranları Kaplan-Meier sağkalım analizi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Erken mortalite görülmedi. Hastalar taburcu olduğunda yapılan ekokardiyografik değerlendirmede %89'unda hiç/eser yetersizlik ve %11'inde hafif (+1) yetersizlik saptandı. Geç mortalite 14. ayda renal yetersizlik nedeniyle sadece 1 hastada gözlendi. Hastalarımızın ortalama takip süresi 21.2±10.3 aydı. Takipler sırasında yapılan ekokardiyografik değerlendirmede hastaların %96'sında hiç ya da hafif yetersizlik gözlendi. Orta (+2) ABSTRACTObjective: Mitral valve repair has become the procedure of choice for almost every type of mitral regurgitation (MR) in the current surgical era. We assessed clinical outcomes of mitral valve repair in severe MR. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 103 patients (61 male, 42 female, mean age 53.2±14.8 years), who were planned to undergo valve repair were included. Mitral valve pathology was regurgitant in 86% and mixed in 14% of patients. The intention to perform mitral repair was successful in 100 (97.1%) of patients. Concomitant procedures were performed in 57 (57%) patients including 31 coronary artery bypass grafting and 13 tricuspid valve repairs. After surgery, early (<30 days) and late (>30 days) complications were recorded. Postoperative echocardiography was performed in all patients at discharge and during clinical follow-up. Late survival and freedom from adverse events including thromboembolism, endocarditis, reoperation, and residual severe MR were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results: There was no early mortality. Echocardiographic assessment of patients at discharge revealed no/trivial regurgitation in 89% and mild (1+) MR in 11% of all patients. Late mortality occurred in only one patient at 14 months because of renal failure. The mean follow-up period of patients was 21.2±10.3 months. Echocardiographic examination during follow-up revealed that mitral insufficiency was none or mild in 96% of patients. Three (3%) patients had moderate (2+) MR and were treated medically. Mitral insufficiency recurrence with severe (3+) regurgitation occurred...

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Mechanical heart valve thrombosis during pregnancy is a challenging condition. We present a pregnant patient with stuck mechanical mitral valve. During the 36th week of pregnancy, she was admitted to our emergency clinic because of aggravated dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. Echocardiography revealed stuck mechanical valve in mitral position and she was diagnosed with acute left ventricular heart failure due to mechanical valve thrombosis. Reoperative mitral valve replacement was performed in emergency conditions immediately following Cesarean section. She and her baby were discharged 11 days after surgery without complications.