This paper aims to develop a method to determine material durability based on physicochemical laws that describe chemical corrosion in building enclosures. The subject of this research is studying the chemical corrosion in the material in building constructions. The object of this research is the material of building ceramics. Methods that the authors used for reaching this goal include developing a multi-staged process of material degradation of building ceramics, conduction of thermodynamic calculations, and conducting laboratory research on process kinetics. The results of kinetic researches are generalized based on a developed mathematical model. This comprehensive approach to solving the goal task allowed obtaining the following results: research methods of chemical processes in brick material and its plaster on humidification were developed. A mathematical model for evaluating material degradation in time with the changing climatic influence on enclosure was developed.
In the Soviet Union a lot of residential buildings with wooden window systems were built. In the last 15 years the requirements to heat protection of buildings have strengthened and the technologies of window systems production have developed. New window constructions appeared, in which window frames of PVC profiles are used. So now double-casement windows with glass are replaced by single-casement with glass units. The replacement of windows is associated with a number of specific problems. The authors analyzed the quantitative parameters of the heat losses in the claddings of brick buildings. It was revealed that significant heat leakage occurs in the joint areas of window frame with the wall, at the junction of slopes. The authors offer a quantitative calculation of heat losses in these units in case of two-dimensional heat flux based on thermal conductivity matrix taking into account the convective heat transfer. On the basis of this calculation a computer program was developed that allows pinpointing the most problematic areas for choosing rational actions for elimination of cold bridges.
Аннотация. Энергоэффективность строительства является основным направлением энергосбережения, в рамках которого главным мероприятием становится снижение потерь тепла через ограждающие конструкции. В этой связи особенно перспективным представляется применение для внешних стен высокопустотной многощелевой керамики благодаря ее прогнозируемым свойствам и надежности в эксплуатации. В статье рассмотрена номенклатура высокопустотных керамических изделий, производимых в настоящее время в Республике Башкортостан. Проведено моделирование и расчет прочностных характеристик высокопустотных керамических камней в программном комплексе SCAD, получены геометрические параметры модели разрушения. Приведены результаты механических испытаний высокопустотных керамических изделий. Выполненные моделирование и расчеты в программном комплексе SCAD с получением геометрических параметров модели разрушения позволили оценить сходимость результатов расчета с реальными результатами испытаний.
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