Introduction: Tobacco use is a leading cause of deaths and disabilities in India, killing about 1.2 lakh people in 2010. About 29% of adults use tobacco on a daily basis and an additional 5% use it occasionally. In Odisha, non-smoking forms are more prevalent than smoking forms. The habit has very high opportunity cost as it reduces the capacity to seek better nutrition, medical care and education. In line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) is a powerful Indian national law on tobacco control. The Government of Odisha has shown its commitment towards enforcement and compliance of COTPA provisions. In order to gauge the perceptions and practices related to tobacco control efforts and level of enforcement of COTPA in the State, this cross-sectional study was carried out in seven selected districts. Materials and methods:A semi-structured interview schedule was developed, translated into Odiya and COTPA 2003, perception about smoking, chewing tobacco and practices with respect to compliance of selected provisions of the Act. 1414 samples were interviewed. Results: The highest percentage of respondents was from 52.1% of the respondents were aware of Indian tobacco control laws, while 80.8% had knowledge about the provision of the law prohibiting smoking in public places. However, 36.6% of the respondents reported that they had 'very often' seen tobacco products being sold 'to a minor', while 31.2% had seen tobacco products being sold 'by a minor'. In addition, 24.8% had 'very often' seen tobacco products being sold within a radius of 100 yards of educational institutions.
A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oThe concentration of oxygen in atmosphere is about 10%, whereas in aquatic environment it is about 0.3%. Since the availability of oxygen to aquatic animals is about 33 fold less than that of terrestrial organisms, oxygen concentration in the aquatic system is an important factor for regulation of fish health and reproduction. This paper reviews the knowledge of oxidative stress, ROS and Anti-oxidative defense system in various organisms and present status of information concerning oxidative stress in fish and attempts to resolve the reproductive consequences associated with oxidative stresses in fish under normal as well as different experimental states. Especially in fish there is a high risk of quality loss due to oxidation. Relatively few studies on the various antioxidants in fish are currently available. Studies on the interaction between the various endogenous antioxidants in fish are also very few. The relative concentration of antioxidants varies with the fish species as well as the type of fish muscle tissue. The quantity of these antioxidants may also fluctuate with storage time and handling post mortem. Control of lipid oxidation in fish involves utilizing processing and storage techniques that do not greatly decrease the activity of endogenous antioxidants.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.