Purpose: This study investigated the most recent estimates of underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in Pakistani school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience random clustered sampling approach with 3,551 Pakistani school children aged 9 to 17 years from 52 schools throughout seven districts in central Punjab province. The CDC US 2000 was used to define underweight (BMI < 5th percentile), overweight (85th ≤ BMI < 95th percentile), and obesity (95th percentile ≤ BMI) for different school grade cohorts (primary, middle, secondary, and higher secondary schools). As a trend test, the Chi-square test was used. A Spearman correlation analysis (r) was used to determine the correlations between demographic variables and weight status. A regression analysis was conducted to explore the predictive power of demographic factors in relation to body weight. Results: In Pakistani school-aged children and adolescents, the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity was 21.9%, 66.9%, 5.8%, and 5.4%, respectively. Significant correlations with body weight status were shown for individual demographic parameters (age, gender, school type, and school grade). Children in urban areas were more likely to be underweight, overweight, or obese than those in rural areas. Boys were found to have a lower BMI than girls. Accordingly, more boys than girls were underweight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.33–1.85) and more girls had a higher risk of obesity than boys (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03–1.86). Lower grades showed more underweight (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.39–1.99) whereas higher grades showed a higher risk of obesity (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.41–2.57). Conclusions: In Pakistani school-aged children and adolescents, underweight, overweight, and obesity were prevalent. Compared with studies from 2011, the risk of overweight and obesity in Pakistan has decreased. However, this may also be due to the fact that students in Pakistan have a lower BMI compared to other countries. This issue has also been seen in the present study and is confirmed here by the high number of cases of underweight students. Future research studies should look into additional weight status correlates and factors. To evaluate the association between weight status and behavioral and other health variables, future research should use longitudinal or interventional designs.

Aim: To investigate the most recent estimates of underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in Pakistani school-aged adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling approach with 2100 Pakistani from 24 schools in central Punjab province. The CDC US 2000 was used to define underweight < 5th percentile, overweight > 85th to < 95th percentile, and obese equal or greater than 95th percentile, the Chi-square test was used. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the correlation. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: prevalence of underweight U/W, overweight O/W, and obesity O/B was (21.9%, 5.8%, and 5.4%, respectively. The BMI had a positive relationship with gender, residency school kind and school level. Conclusion: Underweight, overweight, and obesity were prevalent among Pakistani school-aged adolescents. Girls were significantly more than boys to be overweight and obese. Students in urban regions were more likely than those in rural areas to be overweight. The relationship between BMI, behavioral, and other health variables should also be investigated in future research using longitudinal or interventional approaches. Keywords: Body Mass Index, School-aged adolescents, demographic

Aim: To investigate the most recent estimates of underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in Pakistani school-aged adolescents aged 12 to 17 years and association with parental attitudes and knowledge factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling approach with 1,936 Pakistani from 42 schools in central Punjab province. The CDC US 2000 was used to define underweight < 5th percentile, overweight 85th ≤ BMI <95th percentile, and obese 95th percentile ≤ BMI, the Chi-square test was used. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the correlation. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: prevalence of underweight U/W, overweight O/W, and obesity O/B was (24.5%, 4.6%, and 7.0%, respectively. The BMI had a positive relationship with gender, residency school kind and school level. Conclusion: Underweight, overweight, and obesity were prevalent among Pakistani school-aged adolescents. Some parents graded their children in an unreasonable manner. It is recommended that additional research be done to assess and enhance parents' understanding, attitudes, and behaviors regarding their children's weight. Keywords: Body Mass Index, School-aged adolescents, Parental health attitudes, Knowledge

Background: Patriotism and national integration were essential qualities that all students needed to acquire, regardless of their political, social, educational, or cultural system. The role of education in the development of patriotism and nationalism can be emphasized. If there is a gap in the education system or curriculum in terms of planning and generating curriculum, the results will be less than ideal. This survey intends to capture a well-adjusted and well-researched goal of estimated Identity Pride and Cultural Diversity among school-age adolescents on the integrity of sustaining a patriotism environment in the development of children, youth, and adults. How does being a national identity of a country, steeped in its cultural context, effect on students behaviour.  Methods: Study design was quantitative method. A simple random sampling (SRS) method was used to select participants. The study included 415 students from secondary schools in the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). The established inquiry tool was the identity pride and cultural diversity questionnaire. Results: In terms of outcomes, the majority of students (males n = 90 (89.1%) and females n = 303 (96.5%) are always proud to call themselves Pakistanis.  Furthermore, by kind as a result, each of the two groups (Public n = 208 (95.4%), and Private n = 185 (95.4%) (Public = 2.94±0.26 and Private = 2.93±0.26) has a mean and standard deviation, with F = 0.17 and P = 0.677 as significant. Conclusion and Recommendation: The majority of female students felt significantly more proud to be Pakistanis than male students, according to cultural diversity. An increasing number of male and female students were proud to be Pakistanis. However, only a small percentage of students are always enthusiastic about Pakistani gastronomy; for example, some female students never wear Pakistani attire (Shalwer Kameez, Ajrak, Rally), whereas male students do. According to the results of analysis of variance identity pride and cultural diversity, the majority of students in both public and private schools are always proud to be Pakistanis. In light of this.