Electromagnetic force actuated plasmonic nonlinear metamaterials have attracted a great deal of interest from the scientific community over the past several years, owing to the abundant interactions between the electromagnetically induced Ampère's force and the stored mechanical force within the meta-atoms. Despite this interest, a comprehensive study of such metamaterials is still lacking, especially for the nonlinear coupling states analysis. Here we fill this gap by extensively studying the physics of electromagnetic force actuated plasmonic nonlinear metamaterials and presenting a number of new significant findings. Our study will help physicists and engineers to better understand this hot topic and stimulate rapid developments of this promising nonlinear metamaterials.
This paper firstly analysed the theory of the Wind Turbine (WT) pitch control algorithms to maximize energy yield, and then based on the analysis, 3 MW wind turbine model with a servo system and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is developed. The blade pitch ß angle is controlled to ensure that the variable speed WT system operate safely and the optimum power is achieved. Variation in rotor speed as a result of unsteady wind velocity is controlled using PI(D) method. Fuzzy technique is developed and implemented simultaneously. Control Algorithms reveal dynamic performance of the blade pitch angle, rotor speed and rated power characteristics. Within the wind turbine standard operating regimes, controllers have shown promising results. Proposed Fuzzy technique validates superior performance. Finally, MATLAB/SIMULINK tool box establishes the corresponding model to simulation test in order to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the analysed algorithms. Simulation result demonstrates that the developed pitch servo control system has good dynamic, steady state performance and robustness.
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