Current evidence on the beneficial effects of garlic on liver enzymes is contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to evaluate the effect of garlic supplementation on human liver enzymes, such as Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT). To collect the required data, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google scholar databases were systematically searched from inception to June 2019. A meta‐analysis was conducted using the random‐effects model to evaluate the effects of garlic supplementation on ALT and AST levels. The Cochran's Q‐test and inconsistency index were also used to evaluate heterogeneity among the studies. Among a total of 15,514 identified articles, six studies (containing 301 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Results of the meta‐analysis showed that garlic supplementation significantly decreased AST level (Hedges' g = −0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.72, −0.004, p = .047); whereas, it had no significant effect on ALT level (Hedges' g = −0.22, 95% CI: −0.64, 0.20, p = .310). Results showed that garlic supplementation reduced AST levels significantly; however, had no significant effect on ALT levels. Further studies are still needed to confirm the results.
Purpose: Eating disorder (ED) is a common complication with disturbance of eating or eatingrelated behaviors that lead to physical and psychosocial disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between eating disorders and daily fast food consumption, family size, weight-caused stress, and sleep quality in teenagers in Zanjan, Iran. Methods: Adolescent girl students aged 12-15 years (n = 370), selected in a cross-sectional study, completed the Eating Attitude Test-26 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires. The cluster random sampling method was used. Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.3. Logistic regression modeling was used for investigating the relationship between factors and odds of EDs. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant relationship was found between family size (OR = 0.77, p = 0.049), fast food-daily consumption (OR = 5.42, p = 0.043), weight-caused stress (OR = 12.47, p < 0.001), and poor sleep quality (OR = 1.70, p = 0.024) and odds of eating disorder among teenage girls. Conclusion: A significant positive association was found between a low number of family members, daily fast food consumption, stress status, poor sleep quality and odds of EDs. However more longitudinal studies are required to confirm the results.
Objective: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as one of the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities is prevalent in reproductive-aged women. This study aimed to investigate the relevance between adherence to the DASH diet and PCOS.Results: This is an age and BMI-matched case-control study including (n=108) new diagnosis PCOS women as a case group and women without PCOS as a control group (n=108). Also, the validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the usual dietary intake. The method of Fung et al. was used to calculate the DASH score. Moreover, logistic regression was assessed to evaluate the relationship between adherence to the DASH diet and the odds of PCOS. After adjustment for potential confounders, an increase in adherence to the DASH diet significantly reduced the odds of PCOS (OR for the highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.18; 95% CI 0.07, 0.47). There was a significant decreasing trend in the odds of PCOS across increasing quintiles of the DASH diet (p-trend <0.001). The results showed that adherence to the DASH diet could reduce the odds of PCOS by 82 percent. It’s worth noting that more prospective studies are required to confirm the findings of the current study.
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