Marital satisfaction is one of the most important factors in making progress in one's life and achieving life's goals. The role of communication in maintaining healthy and prolonged marital relationships is important. One of the internal psychological factors that play a role in marital satisfaction and the relationships of couples is early maladaptive schemas. Hence, this study investigated the effects of early maladaptive schemas and the communication styles of couples in predicting marital satisfaction among married students of Zanjan Azad University. A sample of 93 individuals was selected by convenience sampling method and evaluated by Enrich marital satisfaction scale questionnaire (EMS) (Fowers & Olson, 1989), Young early maladaptive schemas short-form (YSQ-SF) (Young & Brown 1998), and couple's communication styles questionnaire (CPQ) (Christensen & Sullaway, 1984). The information obtained from the samples was analysed by SPSS 22 software. Independent T test, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were also used. The results showed a significant and negative correlation between subjugation schema (r=-.68), failure schema (r=-.52), and the total score of early maladaptive schema with marital satisfaction (r=-.55). There was a significant and positive correlation between the mutual IPA
Introduction: In the growing number of divorces in Iran, the present study aimed to investigate the prediction of divorce adjustment through an emotional adjustment emphasizing gender considerations. Methods: The present study was a correlation study, and data were collected through questionnaires, field study, and library. The statistical population was all divorced women and men in Tehran city in 2017, and the sampling method was purposeful. The sample included 112 divorced women and 134 divorced men with an age range of 20-40 years. For data collection, the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS) (1) and Emotional Adjustment Measure (EMA) (2) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression, and multivariate analysis of variance method were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between emotional adjustment and divorce adjustment (p<0.01, r=.29), and men have higher scores than women in these factors; also, emotional adjustment was a significant predictor of divorce adjustment (β=0.720, p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study reveal a series of post-divorce crises requiring management and restoration by divorced subjects. Although the challenges of life after divorce affect both sexes, women are faced with more harm in post-divorce time due to gender barriers. Therefore, programs to help increase emotional compatibility after divorce is recommended. Also, clarification of the divorce phenomenon is better to be considered from different aspects.
Introduction: Avoidance, intrusions, and hyperarousal are common symptoms in people with PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder). In this study, the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing treatment, which is an evidencebased treatment in these patients, will be investigated so that in the future it can be used in therapeutic settings to reduce the symptoms of this mental disorder. Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental and based on the pretest-posttest control group design, with follow-up after three months. The sample included 42 participants who were selected by a purposeful sampling method and placed randomly in the experimental and control groups. At first, at the same time, and in the same conditions, all the participants responded to the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5).Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-5) was used for people who scored 31 or higher. Event Scale-Revised questionnaire (ESR) was also used. The holographic reprocessing therapy (HR) was performed for the experimental group. In the end, both groups were evaluated by posttests, and then they were tracked after an interval of three months. In order to analyze data, ANCOVA and MANCOVA tests were applied through SPSS 22. Results:Findings showed that HR was meaningfully effective in decreasing avoidance, intrusions, and hyperarousal symptoms (p<0.01) and after three months, no significant changes were found in the results. Conclusions: While HR coincided with reductions in avoidance, intrusions, and hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD patients, more research with larger samples is needed to further examine the effectiveness of this treatment on these patients.
Introduction: Behavioral immune systems allow organisms to detect the presence of disease-causing pathogens in their environment more immediately and engage in behaviors that prevent them from coming into contact with objects and individuals. There is extensive research linking behavioral immune systems to a variety of prejudices. These prejudices cause labeling and ultimately social stigma on these people. Therefore, the present study investigated the behavioral safety system and its unique effect on prejudice and stigmatization in people with infectious diseases. In this review study, the research literature was searched through Google Scholar and PubMed with the words "Behavioral Immune System, Prejudice, Stigmatization", and the relevant authorities were included in this study. Research has shown that people tend to associate illness with obesity, the manifestation of facial symptoms, physical disability, and foreign nationality in order to avoid becoming ill by predicting illness and thus overreacting to them. These reactions occur in many groups of people who do not actually have the contagious disease and are called a type of psychological allergy. These prejudicial reactions and labeling can cause social distress for these people and their long-term social isolation. Conclusion: Disgust is triggered in response to pathogen-related stimuli and is associated with unique patterns of autonomic nervous system activity and neural activity, but in functional connections between anatomical structures, chemical neurological processes, and various cognitive and behavioral phenomena, the genetic structure is involved. Demonstrating behavioral immunity, there is not much information and more study is needed.
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