Medicinal plants have been the basis for discovery of various important marketed drugs. Xanthine is one such lead molecule. Xanthines in various forms (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, etc) are abode in tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate etc. giving them popular recognition. These compounds are best known for their diverse pharmaceutical applications as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition, antagonization of adenosine receptor, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities. These properties incentivize to use xanthine as scaffold to develop new derivatives. Chemical synthesis contributes greater diversity in xanthine based derivatisation. With highlighting the existing challenges in chemical synthesis, the present review focuses the probable solution to fill existing lacuna. The review summarizes the available knowledge of xanthine based drugs development along with exploring new xanthine led chemical synthesis path for bringing diversification in xanthine based research. The main objective of this review is to explore the immense potential of xanthine as scaffold in drug development.

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Tuberculosis causes around 1.4 million deaths every year remaining to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is adept at surviving the assault of our immune system, which has perplexed many researchers. Not only are they difficult to treat, but also difficult to detect accurately. The current reservoir of drugs and method to diagnose them is depleting faster than we are able to replace them with newer one. The advances made in the field of metabolomic have opened up a window of opportunities such as identification of new drug and druggable site, prediction of drug toxicity and detection of new biomarkers to accurately diagnose the disease. With its short history of less than two decades, metabolomics has shown very promising future to tackle this concern. Equally important developments in analytical techniques and application of data interpretation have further facilitated the scope of this field. The present review discusses the advances in metabolomic research with an emphasis on tuberculosis diagnosis and therapeutics.