Mitochondria play an important role in various metabolic pathways like oxidative phosphorylation free radical generation and apoptosis. Defects in mitochondrial function are responsible for a number of heterogenous clinical presentations along with development and progression of cancer. Decrease in cellular energy (ATP) production because of impaired oxidative phosphorylation is the most important cause for these underlying disorders. The present review article aims to provide current understanding of mitochondrial genetics and biology and relates the mt-DNA alterations in leukemia patients.
Introduction: Angina bullosa hemorrhagica (ABH) is the term used to describe benign subepithelial oral mucosal blood filled blisters, which are not attributed to any systemic disorder. It is a very uncommon condition, mostly seen in elderly patients. The exact etiopathogenesis of the ABH is not known. Herewith, we present a case of 50-year-old male patient who developed ABH on right lateral border of the tongue, following prosthodontics impression making for completely edentulous mouth. Methods: The case management method was topical application of chlorhexidine gel (1%) and lignocaine gel (2%) with avoidance of hot and spicy food. Result: After one week in treating with topical therapy, the lesion became normal. The diagnosis of ABH is difficult in patients because of its asymptomatic nature. The early diagnosis of the lesion is very important as a rapidly expanding blood-filled bulla in the oropharynx can cause upper airway obstruction. Therefore, a high level of suspicion is warranted on part of dentists who may the first to encounter the lesion. Conclusion: Spontaneous Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica of tongue was an unusual problem that can occur following prosthodontic procedure. The management of the lession were intended to reduce pain or discomfort and prevent secondary infections.
Accidental finding of a foreign object embedded in a tooth is uncommon. A variety of metallic objects have been discovered inside the pulp/root canals. These foreign objects are mostly self inflicted by patients into the pulp canal and thereby act as potential source of infection. Although most of the techniques mentioned in the literature are effective for the removal of such foreign objects, but still there is no standardized procedure is available for successful removal of unusual foreign metallic objects. Herein, we report a case of a 22-year-old female who presented with a stapler pin lodged in the pulp chamber of mandibular left central incisor, with its successful retrieval using instrument removal system followed by successful endodontic management.
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