This study was carried out to investigate the effect of polyphenols extracted from grape seeds (GPE) on chemical composition, lipid oxidation and microbial growth in raw beef sausage which was made with (0.01%) or without nitrite during frozen storage at-18°C for 3 months. GPE was added by 0.02 and 0.04% to beef sausage during making sausage. Results indicated that GPE is better in terms of lower TBARS value and total bacterial count (TBC) in sausage. In addition, GPE had synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial effect to nitrite. Therefore, it is suggested that grape seeds, as a natural agro-waste, could be used to prepare polyphenols extract to extend the shelf-life of sausage, providing the consumer with food containing natural additives, which might be seen more healthful than those of synthetic origin.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the replacement of 10, 20 and 30% of wheat flour (72% extract) in the same percentage of sweet potato flour to produce pan bread. The results showed that:-Bread produced from the addition of sweet potato flour lead to a decrease in the percentage of moisture and protein, where the results were 22.74%, 11.6%, respectively in the sample Control .And became 22.01%, 9.60%, respectively, in bread produced from the addition of 30% potato flour.-Increased in crude fiber , ash and fat were 2.07%, 2.40% and 3.58%, respectively in the sample Control. Became 2.77%, 3.36% and 5.20% respectively in the bread produced from the addition of 30% sweet potato flour.-It was also found during the study that 10% of the sweet e potato flour is the best ratios for the production of baked good in terms of Rheological and Sensory characteristics of the product, despite the decline for a sample Control.
Sausage is one of the well-liked foodstuffs in many areas. However, its quality is vulnerable to deteriorate owing to the lipid oxidation and microbial contamination. This research aimed to study the influence of thyme and clove essential oils (EOs) with or without nitrite on the chemical composition, microbial growth, and lipid oxidation rate in sausage during frozen storage-18°C for three months. The obtained results showed that the main component in clove EO and thyme EO is eugenol and thymol. Adding sodium nitrite to sausage resulted in declines in moisture and crude lipids and increases in protein and ash contents of sausage. Adding the tested EOs increased nitrite's effect on the chemical composition of sausage. Besides, these EOs lowered TBARS values, residual nitrite, and TBC in sausage. They also resulted in the rise of nitrite's efficacy in reducing TBARS values and TBC in sausage. Proteus was more sensitive than Klebsiella, whereas E. coli showed more resistance when adding nitrite or EO to sausage. The tested EOs increased the inhibitory influence of nitrite on Proteus, Klebsiella, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans in sausage. We concluded that the EOs of clove and thyme have antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacies in raw beef sausage during frozen storage. Also, they have a synergistic impact on nitrite. Therefore, it is suggested that these EOs, especially thyme, could be utilized to prolong shelf-life, prevent deterioration of sausage, and lessen the added nitrite's proportion to sausage for avoiding the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines .
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