Waugh's syndrome (WS) is the rare association of intussusception and intestinal malrotation. We present two such cases in a 5-month-old infant and a 9-year-old girl. Both patients presented with intussusception and were diagnosed with malrotation during workup and surgical exploration. We conclude that the possibility of intestinal malrotation must be taken into consideration while managing children with intussusception.
Two native Egyptian goat breeds: Baladi and Zaraibi were genetically analyzed using three microsatellite markers: INRA005; ILSTS005 and ILSTS087. The results showed that all the microsatellites studied were polymorphic and gave 6, 5 and 8 alleles respectively. The overall heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.9 and 0.755 indicating the presence of high genetic diversity. In the two breeds, low inbreeding rates was observed (mean FIS= -0.114) within the breeds. Genetic differentiation between breeds was moderate with a mean FST value of (4.593). Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were noted for most of the loci. The clusters obtained on the phylogenetic tree generated from Nei's genetic distance matrix agreed with the geographic origin of the breed. The time of divergence in Zaraibi and Baladi breeds was estimated to be 71 generations (284 years). The two breeds showed high degree of admixture. The study analyzed the population structure of these two breeds and contributed to the knowledge and genetic characterization of the Egyptian native goat breeds (Baladi and Zaraibi). In addition, the microsatellites recommended by ISAG proved to be useful for the biodiversity studies in Egyptian goat breeds. Due to the polymorphism observed, the three microsatellites studied could be fruitfully used in paternity tests. Moreover, they could be employed for further researches on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection and subsequently marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.
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