ObjectivesTo determine whether a half-dose of bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) can reduce toxicity without affecting its efficacy in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Patients and methodsFrom January 2012 to January 2014, 80 patients with superficial bladder cancer and in the intermediate-risk group were simply randomised to receive two different doses of BCG, i.e., a full dose of 90 mg (group A) or a half-dose of 45 mg (group B). There were no significant differences in clinical and pathological characteristics between the groups. At completion of the study, 40 patients could be evaluated in each group.ResultsAll patients were evaluated for a follow-up of 12 months after treatment. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate (15 patients, 38%, in group A and 16, 40%, in group B) in the two groups, and no difference in progression rate of the disease, at eight patients (20%) in each group. There were significant differences between groups A and B in toxicity (grade 1 adverse events, 70% vs. 60%; grade 2, 18% vs. 7.5%, respectively). Grade 3 adverse events were only reported in group A (2.5%).ConclusionThe half dose of intravesical BCG instillation can reduce the toxicity and side-effects that are associated with the treatment of superficial bladder cancer, without affecting the efficacy of therapy.
This study was conducted as a field study to select the most effective disinfectants for control of the microbial contamination in poultry farms through evaluation of some commercial disinfectants. All tested commercial disinfectants were diluted with sterile tap water and applied at different concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 %) on contaminated surfaces (concrete) by spraying at a rate of 0.5 liter/m 2. The Aerobic Plate Count (APC) on naturally contaminated floor of broiler farm was determined before the application of commercial disinfectants at different concentrations with contact times of 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The results revealed that disinfectants at concentration of 0.5% had little action on the tested pathogens as S. Typhimurium, E. coli and S. aureus after 30 and 60, 90 and 120 minutes contact time. While, application of Virudox-G, Glutarol and Alkadox at concentration of 1% for 120 minutes contact time was efficient and proved 100% reduction either for of the pathogens count. While, Phenodex showed the lowest inhibitory effect on these pathogens.
Purpose To assess the outcome of transurethral plasmakinetic vaporization (PKVP) in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Patients and methods From August 2010 to May 2012, 60 patients with obstructive LUTS due to BPH were included in the study. All patients were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), general examination, digital rectal examination, PSA, routine laboratory examinations, pelvi-abdominal ultrasound, trans-rectal ultrasound, and uroflowmetry. Patients with Qmax of <10 mL/sec., an IPSS of >8 and a prostate volume of >40 mL underwent transurethral PKVP.Results Mean age of the patients was 66.8±4.5 years. The mean times of the operation, post-operative bladder irrigation, and post-operative catheterization were 63.8±13.9 minutes, 15.2±5.7 hours, and 23.9±5.2 hours, respectively. At 3 months of follow-up, there were significant reductions in the mean IPSS from 23.4±3.5 to 9.2±3.7 (P=0.4), mean PSA from 3.03±2.2 ng/mL to 1.2±1.04 ng/mL (P value=0.02), mean post voiding residual urine from 149.8±59.5 mL to 46.9±24.1 mL (P value <0.01), and mean prostate volume from 72.8±10.3 mL to 22.7±6.1 mL (P value <0.01). Also, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean Q max. from 8.7±2.4 mL/s to 19.5±3.5 mL/s (P value <0.01).Conclusion PKVP is an effective and safe treatment option in the management of symptomatic BPH.
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