Application of Tanta algorithm reduces the recurrence rate significantly. The laparoscopic technique should be tailored according to criteria of each group of PIH to get the best outcome and reduced recurrence rate.

Laparoscopic herniotomy is feasible and safe for PIH. It provides a superior tool to diagnose CPPV or rare hernias that can be managed in the same session with minimal postoperative complications reported even in developing countries. Laparoscopic herniotomy is proved to be beneficial for PIH since it provides an excellent view on the cord structures, and they can be guarded well during the procedure. Larger studies and longer follow-up are needed to support our encouraging results.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has considered the gold standard for the treatment of symptomatic gallstones. The "marionette" technique is a surgical technique for performing a safe, two-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy without the use of an additional port or any new access devices. This study aimed to compare between the cost and outcome of two incisions LC performed via the marionette technique and the standard LC in pediatrics. Results: All 32 children with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis were discharged from the hospital in the first postoperative day with no statistically significant difference within days to return to normal work (p = 0.607). The operative time in the group (A) which included 16 children who underwent 2 incisions marionette style LC technique was non-significantly longer time (p = 0.184) than the group (B) which included 16 children who underwent conventional 4 incisions LC technique. Visual analog scores for pain showed a significant difference between both groups at 6 h and 12 h postoperative (p = 0.000 and 0.003, respectively). Overall patient in marionette group was very satisfied by fewer incision and better cosmesis. Conclusion: Marionette technique performed by an experienced surgeon among pediatric shows a statistically significant cost benefit while maintaining good operative time, less postoperative pain, and more patient's satisfaction and provides excellent aesthetic results.

No abstract

The aim of this research is to develop, construct and evaluate a newinvented system for tree-branches chopping. The chopping system consists of frame, tires, draw-bar, 15-kW electrical motor, feeding, cutting, chopping units and suction-fan. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points:  The maximum average of chopping length of 19 mm was obtained by using chopping-knives speed of 900 rpm (27.31 m/s), concave-hole diameter of 20 mm and tree-branch diameter of 50 mm. Meanwhile, the minimum average of chopping length of 6 mm was obtained by using chopping-knives speed of 1200 rpm (36.92 m/s), concave-hole diameter of 14 mm and tree-branch diameter of 20 mm (at constant clearance of 5 mm, moisture-content of 10 %, cutting-knives speed of 450 rpm and feeding-drums speed of 10 rpm).  The minimum productivity of 238 kg/h was obtained by using chopping-knives speed of 900 rpm (27.31 m/s), concave-hole diameter of 14 mm and tree-branch diameter of 50 mm. Meanwhile, the maximum machine productivity of 667 kg/h was obtained by using chopping-knives speed of 1200 rpm (36.92 m/s), concave-hole diameter of 20 mm and tree-branch diameter of 20 mm (at constant clearance of 5 mm, moisture-content of 10 %, cutting-knives speed of 450 rpm and feeding-drums speed of 10 rpm).  The operation and production costs at chopping-knives speed of 1200 rpm (36.92 m/s) were 17.42 -18.71 L. E./h and 28.01 -68.98 L.E./ton for all tested tree-branch and concave-hole diameters.This study is a part of outcomes from Ph.D. Thesis.(1) Eng., Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade.(2), ( 4) and ( 5) Prof. and Head , and Prof. of Ag. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Ag., Moshtohor, Benha Univ. (3) Prof. and Head of Mech. Systems of Agricultural Operations. Ag. Eng., Res. Inst.