This research aims to manufacture and test a machine for cutting sugar cane buds to develop mechanization of the stage of preparing sugarcane seedlings in the nursery. The developed machine consists of a frame, cutting unite, electric motor, and power transmission system. This machine will save the time, effort and costs spent on cutting reeds by traditional methods at farmers. The machine cuts the sugarcane stalks that are used as seeds and which contain undamaged buds, the operator cuts the groups of sprouts by the bud cutting machine. The machine has been tested at three transmission ratios to cutting rate of R1 = 22, R2 = 32, and R3 = 40 buds/min. The results of preliminary tests revealed that the machine achieved the skipping,
The photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are negatively impacted by dust accumulation. The variance in dust density from point to point raises the risk of forming hot spots. Therefore, a prepared PDMS/SiO2 nanocoating was used to reduce the accumulated dust on the PV panels' surface. However, the effectiveness of these coatings is greatly influenced by geographical and climatic factors. Three identical PV modules were installed to run comparable experimental tests simultaneously. The first module is coated with the prepared PDMS/SiO2 nanocoating, the second is coated with commercial nanocoating, and the third module is uncoated and serves as a reference. The prepared nanocoating was hydrophobic and had a self-cleaning effect. The fill factors for the reference panel (RP), commercial-nanocoated panel (CNP), and prepared-nanocoated panel (PNP), were 0.68, 0.69, and 0.7, respectively. After 40 days of exposure to outdoor conditions, the dust densities on the RP and PNP panels' surfaces were 10 and 4.39 g/m2, respectively. Thus, the nanocoated panel's efficiency was found to be higher than that of the reference panel by 30.7%.
Numerous factors, such as dust accumulation and light reflection off PV panel surfaces, adversely affect the performance and efficiency of PV solar panels. On PV panels, dust accumulation increases with time. Irradiation losses caused by dust deposition have a negative impact on PV solar panels. Regular cleaning is necessary for PV panel maintenance, but when carried out manually, it is labor-intensive. The hand-cleaning techniques use a lot of water and energy. The automated cleaning methods initially cost a lot of money and need an electrical source to function. As a result, self-cleaning techniques like hydrophobic coatings are popular since they don't require power and don't leave scratches on panels during cleaning. Since the current-voltage curve, the power-voltage curve, and the fill factor are the most indicative factors of the efficiency and performance of photovoltaic panels, the impact of hydrophobic nanocoating and dust on these factors was investigated in this study. The study showed that the nano coating was hydrophobic and had a self-cleaning effect. After 40 days of exposure to outdoor conditions, the dust density on RP and PNP before water spraying (self-cleaning) was 10 and 4.30 g/m 2 , while the dust density after water spraying(self-cleaning) was 4.80 and 1.12 g/m 2 respectively. The I-V curve for a clean reference panel (RP) and a prepared-nanocoated panel (PNP) showed that the short circuit current Isc was 5.69, 5.7, and 5.82 A, and the open circuit voltage Voc was 20.3 and 20.7 V respectively. The fill factor for PNP (0.7) was higher than RP (0.68). For dusty panels, the short circuit current Isc was 4.80 and 5.65 A, and the open circuit voltage Voc was 20.0 and 20.2 V, respectively. The fill factor for PNP (0.69) was higher than RP's (0.63). The nano coating has a highly positive impact on the I-V curve, P-V curve, and fill factor. That’s because of its anti-reflective and self-cleaning effect.
The aim of this research is to study the factors affecting a mechanical planting of sesame coated-seeds. The tested parameters of mechanical planting of sesame coated-seeds are metering-device speed ranged between 20 to 60 rpm and forward speed ranged between 1.82 to 4.79 km/h. The main results in this study can be Concluded that in the following points: The maximum sesame coated-seed discharge of 4.12 kg/fed was obtained with metering-device speed of 20 rpm. Meanwhile, the minimum sesame coated-seed discharge of 2.89 kg/fed was obtained with metering-device speed of 60 rpm The maximum sesame plant-emergence of 88.4 % was obtained with forward speed of 1.82 km/h. Meanwhile, the minimum sesame plant-emergence of 77.1 % was obtained with forward speed of 4.79 km/h. By increasing forward speed from 1.82 to 4.79 km/h the total sesame seed-yield decreased from 912 to 577 kg/fed. The operation and production costs at optimum forward speed of 2.97 km/h were 65.7 L.E/h and 96 L.E./fed.
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