Background: Diabetes is a challenging disease that is considered to be hard to live with as it encompasses a lot of restrictive instructions. Self-care diabetes has been defined as an evolutionary process of development of knowledge or awareness by learning to survive with the complex nature of diabetes. Diabetic distress refer to an emotional state where people experience feelings such as stress, guilt or denial that arise from the living with diabetes and the burden of self-management. The emotional distress facing people with diabetes due to such life style restriction. The objectives were to evaluate self-care activities related to diabetes among type II diabetic patients using diabetes self-management questionnaire and to assess and compare the diabetes distress score using diabetes distress scale among urban and rural type II diabetic patient.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 140 urban and 70 rural study participants in field practice area of SNMC, Bagalkot. Diabetic self-care activities and diabetic distress were analyzed.Results: Our study showed most of the study participants had poor self-care activities. Our study showed 60% of rural participants screen positive for moderate diabetic distress where as 52.1% of urban participants showed positive for high diabetic distress.Conclusions: To combat the stress associated with diabetes, it is important to educate the patient to adapt with change in their life style following the diagnosis of diabetes.
BACKGROUND: The waste generated from medical activities can be hazardous, toxic and even lethal because of their high potential for diseases transmission and injury that also results in environmental degradation. An adequate and appropriate knowledge of health care waste management among the health care workers is the first step towards developing favourable attitude and practices thereby ensuring safe disposal of hazardous hospital waste. OBJECTIVES: To determine the knowledge regarding the bio-medical waste management among health care workers. To evaluate the effect of the intervention program given to health care workers. METHODS: TYPE OF STUDY: A cross-sectional study. STUDY PERIOD: May-December 2013. STUDY SETTING & STUDY SUBJECTS: The present study was conducted at S. Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital & Research center in Bagalkot city among paramedical workers which includes all the nursing staff and lab-technicians of the hospital (n =122). An identical pre and post-training questionnaire was designed which is pre-tested & structured and given to the above mentioned paramedical staff before and after the training session. The study variables include general information and questions regarding the knowledge about the health hazards, segregation, storage, personal protective devices, prophylactic vaccination, treatment, disposal and the rule of bio-medical waste management. A series of training sessions were conducted by trained community medicine staff along with PGs and training included knowledge about all aspects of biomedical waste with power point presentation and demonstration. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data was tabulated by using Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by using Openepi software and chi-square test was used. RESULTS: Among 122 participants, 94 (77.05%) were males and 28 (22.95%) were females. Most of them 94 (77.05%) belongs to the age group of 20-29yrs and 24 (19.67%) to the age group of 30-39 years. Majority i.e., 105 (86.07%) were nursing staff and 17 (13.93%) lab technician by occupation. 74 (60.65%) of the study participants belongs to class IV & 31 (25.4%) to class III of socio-economic status. In the present study, there was a highly statistical significant increase in the knowledge in all aspects (segregation, storage, personal protective devices, prophylactic vaccination, treatment, disposal and the rule except health hazards) of bio-medical waste management after training compared to before training. In case of health hazard, there is increase in knowledge, but it is not statistically significant (X 2 = 1.048, p=0.307). CONCLUSION: Awareness regarding bio-medical waste management can be increased by conducting interventional training programs periodically by the persons trained in the field of bio-medical waste management.
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