Carcinogen-induced formation of DNA adducts and other types of DNA lesions are the critical molecular events in the initiation of chemical carcinogenesis and modulation of such events by chemopreventive agents could be an important step in limiting neoplastic transformation in vivo. Vanadium, a dietary micronutrient has been found to be effective in several types of cancers both in vivo and in vitro and also possesses profound anticarcinogenicity against rat models of mammary, colon and hepatocarcinogenesis. Presently, we report the chemopreventive potential of vanadium on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced early DNA damages in rat liver. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single, necrogenic, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DEN (200 mg/kg body weight) at week 4. There was a significant induction of tissue-specific ethylguanines, steady elevation of modified DNA bases 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosines (8-OHdGs) (P<0.0001; 89.93%) along with substantial increment of the extent of single-strand breaks (SSBs) (P<0.0001) following DEN exposure. Supplementation of 0.5 ppm of vanadium throughout the experiment abated the formations of O(6)-ethylguanines and 7-ethylguanines (P<0.0001; 48.71% and 67.54% respectively), 8-OHdGs (P<0.0001; 81.37%), length:width (L:W) of DNA mass (P<0.01; 62.12%) and the mean frequency of tailed DNA (P<0.001; 53.58%), and hepatic nodulogenesis in preneoplastic rat liver. The study indicates that 0.5 ppm vanadium is potentially and optimally effective, as derived from dose-response studies, in limiting early molecular events and preneoplastic lesions, thereby modulating the initiation stage of hepatocarcinogenesis. Vanadium is chemopreventive against DEN-induced genotoxicity and resulting hepatocellular transformation in rats.

BACKGROUNDAnterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear is the most common serious ligamentous injury to the knee joint. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is quite common among young active population, athletes and contact sports. The exact incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears is not known as the cases are being under reported. The ACL is the primary stabilizer against anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and is important in counteracting rotation and valgus stress.

BACKGROUND AIMThe goal of treatment in metacarpal fractures is to restore the normal function of the hand. 1 The main aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of intramedullary nailing with titanium elastic nails.

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Background Our study aimed to compare efficacy and safety of Hetero’s adalimumab (Mabura®, Hetero Biopharma Limited) versus reference adalimumab (Humira®, Abbvie Inc.) in Indian patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) concomitant on methotrexate (MTX) therapy. Methods Patients (n = 168) were randomized (2:1) to receive either test or reference product for 24 weeks with concomitant MTX. Proportion of patients achieving American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) criteria at week 12 was the primary endpoint. Changes in Disease Activity Score of 28 joints–C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and patients achieving ACR20 at week 24, ACR50/70 at weeks 12 and 24 were secondary endpoints. Results Patients achieving ACR20 responses with test (96.43%) were similar to reference (96.43%) in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis at week 12. Proportional difference (PD) between groups (PD [95% CI] 0.0 [− 6.0, 6.0], p = 1.000) for ACR20 at week 12 for ITT analysis showed lower limit of the two-sided 95% CI was above the pre-specified noninferiority margin of − 15%. Similar trend in PP analysis (PD [95% CI] 0.0 [− 0.03, 0.07], p = 1.000), confirmed therapeutic equivalence. No significant difference was noted between arms for patients attaining ACR20 at week 24 and ACR50/70 at weeks 12 and 24 (all p > 0.05). DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI were similar between groups. Total of 54 patients reported 88 AEs during the study. Out of these, 60 AEs were reported in 34 patients with Hetero-Adalimumab and 28 AEs were reported in 20 patients with Reference-Adalimumab. Total two patients, one in each group reported two serious adverse events (Sinusitis and Viral infection) during the study and resolved completely. No deaths and no life threatening AEs were reported. Conclusion Results demonstrated Hetero’s adalimumab is as effective and well tolerated as reference adalimumab in patients with active RA concomitantly on MTX therapy. Trial registration CTRI/2016/04/006884, Registered on 28/04/2016.