There is a natural bond between occupational therapy and activities. The authors focus on activities in terms of what they are, what makes them therapeutic, and how they can be enlisted to mobilise and realise the potential for function in a dysfunctional individual. In recent years few studies have been carried out which show, scientifically, that activities have many therapeutic values if used properly. This article discusses the various therapeutic uses of activities by the illustration of case studies. The aim is to stimulate the reader to carry out scientific studies about therapeutic activities, by which the activities will become an asset to the occupational therapy profession.
A questionnaire, containing 36 sentence stubs, was given to a random sample of 43 male and 37 female undergraduates at an Australian university. Of the 36 sentence stubs, 13 were concerned with the sexuality of disabled women, 5with sexuality in general and 18 with other social issues. Subjects were asked to complete the sentences rapidly with the first thought that came to mind. The Cochran Q test showed significantly more non-acceptance of sexuality of disabled women than of sexuality in general, on three out of five parallel sentence stubs. On 13 sentence stubs related to the sexual behaviour of disabled women, 39% of all subjects gave negative responses, compared with 26% who gave negative responses to five sentence stubs related to the sexual behaviour of able-bodied persons. A chi-square analysis showed males to hold more negative attitudes towards the sexuality of disabled women than females (p ( 0.05). 233
This literature review of tenosynovitis of hand and wrist concentrates on the definition of tenosynovitis, aetiology and causative factors, site of occurrence, general methods of treatment and specific occupational therapy procedures. Despite extensive research into tenosynovitis, very little is yet known about causative factors. There also continues to be much controversy surrounding how to use splinting and the usefulness of rest in the treatment of tenosynovitis. On the basis of descriptive studies it can be said that tenosynovitis mostly affects the wrist and hand and more commonly the extensor tendon of the right/dominant hand. It is suggested that tenosynovitis occurs more commonly in females and the peak incidence is in the 35-40 years age group. Common opinions regarding causative factors are work related, infections and manifestations of diseases, Treatment of tenosynovitis mostly lies in rest and splinting and some suggest that electrotherapy and diathermy may help, If conservative treatment fails, many advocate surgery.
The readability grades of abstracts randomly selected from the American Journal of Occupational Therapy, the Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, the British Journal of Occupational Therapy, and the Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy were studied through the program Style of the Unix operating system (computer). The formulae for readability grades used were the Kincaid formula, the automated readability index, the Coleman-Liau formula, and the Flesch formula. One-way analysis of variance was found to be significant (p<0.05) between the British and Australian journals in all four formulae. Based on samples of abstracts, the results indicated that the British journal is the easiest and the Australian journal is the most difficult to read of all four journals. A Pearson correlation matrix revealed a significant positive and negative relationship between some of the 12 variables in each journal.
Age, sex and activity patterns of 30 females suffering from repetitive strain injury (RSI) were studied by employing a 21 item questionnaire, comprising questions related to the amount of time the subject spent in one week performing work‐related, household and leisure activities. The subjects, diagnosed as non‐inflammatory RSI, were selected from a large public hospital. The results indicated that RSI is significantly more common in females; that the right hand is affected significantly more often than the left; and that the disease is most prevalent in the 30 year age group. The results also indicated that the homemakers spent significantly more time (p<.05) in household activities than full‐time workers. Young age group workers (18–28 yrs.) spent significantly more time (p<.05) in work‐related activities than older subjects (29–48 yrs.). Based on these findings, suggestions for further research are offered.
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