The extracted and dried green micro algae by using solvents Acetone, Ethanol and Chloroform assy is tested to know its efficiency against four bacterial strains under the cultured condions by adopting the standard agar disc diffusion technique. These agar plates are incubated at 37°C for 24 hour duration with four test bacterial strains in 10ml each of Acetone,Ethanol and Chloroform with extracted green micro algae. These extracts exhibits optimal effects on inhibitory efficiency. The observed highest inhibition zone zone is 13mm in Chlorella Vulgaris extracted with Ethanol against klebsilla sp.,. The peroformed preliminary phytochemical analysis of this dried algal sample as per the Harborne methode reveals that this assay withhold some of the valuble bioactive compounds. It is flavanoids, tannin, phenolic compounds, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, saponins and carbohydrates. The substanical evidence of the presence of these seven bioactive compounds revealed that Chlorella vulgar is having major role as a useful precarusor to obtain various bioactive compounds. This algael specices exhibits its maximum inhibition property with Klebsilla sp. This enables to discover some of new derivatives with more investigation about its feasilbility of finding new drugs by the application of procdures adopted in drug discovery and designing. The drugs derived from these algae species will find some specific application to curtile the growth of the bacterias which results the control of Vector infections without any side effects in a more specific manner.
Metastasis is the most deadly aspect of cancer and results from acquired gene regulation abnormalities in tumor cells. Transcriptional regulation is an essential component of controlling of gene function and its failure could contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. During cancer progression, deregulation of oncogenic or tumor suppressive transcription factors, as well as master cell fate regulators, collectively influences multiple steps of the metastasis cascade, including local invasion and dissemination of the tumor to distant organs. Transcription factor PAX3/Pax3, which contributes to diverse cell lineages during embryonic development, plays a major role in tumorigenesis. Mutations in this gene can cause neurodevelopmental disease and the existing literature supports that there is a potential link between aberrant expression of PAX3 genes in adult tissues and a wide variety of cancers. PAX3 function is tissue-specific and could contribute to tumorigenesis either directly as oncogene or as a tumor suppressor by losing its function. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the differential role played by PAX3 in various tissues and how its aberrant expression is implicated in disease development. This review particularly highlights the oncogenic and tumor suppressor role played by PAX3 in different cancers and underlines the importance of precisely identifying tissue-specific role of PAX3 in order to determine its exact role in development of cancer.
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a low grade, indolent B-cell neoplasm that comprises approximately 10% of all lymphoma. Notch2, a pivotal gene for marginal zone differentiation is found to be mutated in SMZL. Deregulated Notch2 signaling has been involved in tumorigenesis and also in B-cell malignancies. However the role of Notch2 and the downstream pathways that it influences for development of B-cell lymphoma remains unclear. In recent years, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has become a functional and convincing technology for profiling gene expression and to discover new genes and transcripts that are involved in disease development in a single experiment. In the present study, using transcriptome sequencing approach, we have identified key genes and pathways that are probably the underlying cause in the development of B-cell lymphoma. We have identified a total of 15,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1067 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) between control and Notch2 knockdown B cells. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and pathway analysis were applied for the identification of key genes and pathways involved in development of B-cell lymphoma. In addition, intermediate genes of top canonical pathways such as PI3K/AKT and NF-kB were found to be downregulated with Notch2 knockdown, indicating that these pathways could be the putative downstream effectors through which Notch2 mediates its oncogenic effects. Taken collectively, the identified crop of genes and pathways may be considered as targets for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma.
: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is an emerging pandemic that poses severe threat to global public health. This pandemic started from the Wuhan City of Hubei Province in China, and is speculated to have originated from bats and spread among humans with an unknown intermediate transmitter. The virus binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which are abundantly expressed on various human cells including lung epithelial and intestinal cells, thereby entering into these cells and cause infection. It is transmitted to other humans through airborne droplets from the infected patients. Presently there are no specific treatments or vaccines that are available to curtail the spread of this disease. There are few indirect reports that explain the potential importance of the mandated BCG vaccine as a protective factor against COVID-19. There is a speculation that, a live attenuated vaccine (BCG vaccine) can be beneficial against COVID-19 to develop the initial immune response, and can also spread in the community thereby boosting herd immunity to fight against COVID-19. This review summarizes the conclusions of various reports on BCG vaccine, and is an attempt to establish BCG-vaccination mediated herd immunity as an effective instant intermediate approach in curbing COVID-19 spread in highly populous countries.
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