Objective: To evaluate the result of an inpatient postpartum human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization pilot program in a diverse, low-income patient population from an urban, hospitalbased obstetrics and gynecology clinic.
Methods:In this cohort study, we present results from the first two years of the inpatient postpartum HPV immunization program, in which vaccine-eligible postpartum women were identified and immunized during their hospital stay. The program was implemented following educational outreach with prenatal and postpartum clinicians and nurses. Associations between receipt of HPV vaccine as an inpatient and characteristics of patients, and likelihood of and missed opportunities for receiving a subsequent dose of HPV vaccine as an outpatient were determined using logistic regression, time-to-event analyses, chi-squared tests and student's t-tests.Results: From 04/11/2017 to 04/10/2019, 394 (59.2%) of 666 postpartum women were eligible for the inpatient postpartum HPV immunization program. The majority (265/394, 67.3%) received the IPP-HPV dose, 36/265 (13.6%) of whom completed the series with that dose. Among women due for additional doses after hospital discharge, those who received the inpatient dose were more likely to receive a subsequent outpatient dose (138/229) than were those who did not receive an inpatient dose (39/129; Hazard ratio: 2.51, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.58). On average, there were 30.7 fewer (95% CI 5.8-55.6, p<0.02) missed opportunities for subsequent outpatient doses for every 100 eligible visits among women who received the inpatient dose compared with women who did
Purpose The aim of this article is to examine the association between industry payments to ophthalmologists and scholarly impact.
Design Retrospective cross-sectional study.
Methods All ophthalmology faculty at United States accredited ophthalmology residency programs were included in this study. The main exposure was industry payments to ophthalmologists in 2016, as reported in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments Database. The primary outcome was Hirsch index (H-index), a measure of scholarly impact.
Results Among 1,653 academic ophthalmologists in our study, 1,225 (74%) received industry payments in 2016. We did not observe a difference between the mean H-index of ophthalmologists receiving any industry payments versus those not receiving any payments (p = 0.68). In analysis including only ophthalmologists who received industry payments, H-index differed significantly by payment amount: 12.6 for ophthalmologists receiving less than $100, 12.2 for those receiving $100 to 1,000, 18.8 for those receiving $1,000 to 10,000, 21.3 for those receiving $10,000 to 100,000, and 29.4 for those receiving greater than $100,000 (p < 0.001). Within each academic rank and gender, industry payments greater than $1,000 were associated with a higher H-index (p < 0.05).
Conclusions Although our analysis cannot prove causality, we observed a significant association between industry payments and scholarly impact among academic ophthalmologists, even after adjusting for gender, academic rank, and subspecialty. Prospective studies should further evaluate this relationship.
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