Background People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) appear to be at greater risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19. The roles of congregate living and skilled nursing care needs is unclear. Objective To determine the impact of residential setting and level of skilled nursing care on COVID-19 outcomes for people receiving IDD services, compared to those not receiving IDD services. Methods Utilizing publicly available California data on COVID-19 outcomes for people receiving IDD services (early May through October 2, 2020), we determined outcomes based on seven types of residence, differentiated by number of residents and level of skilled nursing care provided. We compared these results to the larger California published outcomes. Results Compared to Californians not receiving IDD services, in general, those receiving IDD services had a 60% lower case rate, but 2.8 times higher case-fatality rate. COVID-19 outcomes varied significantly among Californians receiving IDD services by type of residence and skilled nursing care needs: higher rates of diagnosis in settings with larger number of residents, higher case-fatality and mortality rates in settings that provided 24-hour skilled nursing care. Conclusions Diagnosis with COVID-19 among Californians receiving IDD services appears to be related to number of individuals within the residence, while adverse COVID-19 outcomes were associated with level of skilled nursing care. When data is available, future research should examine whether these relationships persist even when controlling for age and pre-existing conditions.

Background Prior studies show that ADHD prevalence rates vary by race-ethnicity, but these studies do not include a full range of racial-ethnic minority groups. Objective This study aimed to understand differences in ADHD prevalence among children across a wider range of racial-ethnic groups, overall and stratified by biological sex. Method Data on children aged 5 to 17 from the 2004 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey Sample Child Files were used in analyses ( N = 120,129). Results Compared to Non-Hispanic White children, ADHD prevalence was lower among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Asian children. This difference was present for both males and females. Across all racial-ethnic groups, males had higher ADHD prevalence than females. Conclusion Results from this study provide further evidence that racial-ethnic disparities in ADHD prevalence rates persist across sex and provide initial evidence of substantially lower ADHD prevalence among Non-Hispanic Asians. Implications, limitations, and future research directions derived from the results are discussed.