Sudden death in infants due to primary cardiac tumors is extremely rare. Herein we describe a case of an 8-month-old male infant, without any previous medical history, who died in a hospital in the city of Medellín-Antioquia, Colombia. The family stated that approximately 15 minutes after he received a bottle, the baby became cyanotic and subsequently lost consciousness. He was taken to the hospital immediately; however, he arrived lifeless. As this was a sudden death case, the child was referred to the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences in the city of Medellín to clarify the cause, manner, and mechanism of death. The forensic autopsy revealed a eutrophic infant with central and peripheral cyanosis, without signs of trauma, and the internal examination found a single cardiac tumor in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The mass was white and whorled; histological evaluation diagnosed a fibroma. The manner of death was natural due to a cardiogenic shock caused by a primary tumor.
Nocturnal and diurnal birds exhibit differences in retinal wiring, specifically with regard to "retinal pooling," or the number of photoreceptor cells providing information to a single ganglion cell in the retina. Diurnal birds have low retinal pooling, which acts to increase acuity, since each photoreceptor cell is responsible for a proportional angle of visual space. Nocturnal birds have high retinal pooling; if multiple photoreceptors provide information to a single ganglion cell, light sensitivity is increased. The optic nerve (CN II) is comprised of the ganglion cell axons delivering visual information to the brain. This study tests the hypothesis that nocturnal birds consistently exhibit a smaller optic nerve and chiasm than diurnal birds, based on area measurements. Whole bird heads are preserved in 4% paraformaldehyde, and the optic nerve and chiasm are dissected and mounted in modeling clay and photographed. Areas are measured from the photographs in SigmaScan. ANOVA and regression analysis of the comparative size of the optic nerve supports our hypothesis that nocturnal birds have consistently smaller optic nerve and optic chiasm areas.Grant Funding SourceAAA Student Travel Award
A 63-year old male presented to a neurosurgeon with a firm, immobile, non-tender mass of his right supraorbital forehead. The patient endorsed remote (×40 years) trauma to the area with subsequent bony irregularity, with recent (×3 months) subtle enlargement. There was no associated neurologic symptom and his physical exam was negative for neurologic deficits. Imaging revealed a 3.9-centimeter dural-based lesion with osseous extension involving both inner and outer table; there was a dural tail with enhancement, but not bulky intracranial extension. A frontal craniotomy with tumor resection including wide dural excision was performed at an outside institution. The pathologic diagnosis rendered was meningioma; there was disagreement regarding whether to classify the neoplasm as 'atypical'. No adjuvant therapy was administered. Three years later the lesion recurred in the midline, adjacent to the resection site ( Figure 1A, Axial T1-weighted MRI with contrast enhancement), and the patient presented to Moffitt Cancer Center for further neurosurgical management. The tumor was resected and the diagnosis was unchanged at that time. The tumor recurred and was re-excised two years later, prompting re-evaluation of the case. A fourth operation was undertaken the following year, six years after the initial presentation; histomorphology was unchanged.
Optic nerve fibers are the axons of retinal ganglion cells, and as such they can provide information about the visual acuity and sensitivity capabilities of an animal. Currently, consistent optic nerve fiber counts are not available for most avians. Those that are available are dependent on method, with different methods yielding different counts. Here, optic nerve fibers are counted at light level for the Great Horned Owl. Juxtaposed sections of a single optic nerve are stained using three different techniques: Bielschowsky's silver impregnation, Bodian's protargol, and Luxol Fast Blue stain. The optic nerve is also observed using H&E to demonstrate details of microanatomy. We test two hypotheses: 1) different staining methods yield different myelinated optic nerve fiber counts due to variations in nerve fiber staining; and 2) hand counts and computer‐generated counts will vary depending on the stain. Counts are estimated for the nerve from 25 digital pictures taken at 1000X at regular intervals. Hand counts are performed multiple times by different observers and compared. Computer‐generated counts are performed in Image J. Research support comes from Midwestern University.Grant Funding SourceAAA Annual Meeting Student/Postdoctoral & Young Faculty Travel Award Student Award
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