Anxiety is a prevalent and impairing psychiatric condition among children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the need for effective treatment, no studies have examined the benefit of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders among children or adults with IBD. The aim of this paper is twofold: (a) to briefly describe a newly adapted CBT protocol, treatment of anxiety and physical symptoms related to IBD (TAPS ϩ IBD), that concurrently addresses anxiety (including IBD-specific anxiety) and disease management among children and adolescents with IBD in pediatric medical offices; and (b) to present initial pilot data examining the feasibility and potential efficacy of TAPS ϩ IBD compared to nondirective supportive therapy (NDST) among youth with comorbid IBD and anxiety. Twenty-two youth (59% female; mean age 13.2 Ϯ 2.1) with comorbid IBD and anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to a 13-session TAPS ϩ IBD or NDST program. Following treatment, participants in TAPS ϩ IBD demonstrated higher treatment response rates relative to the NDST control treatment. Compared with NDST, TAPS ϩ IBD was associated with significantly greater reductions in IBD-specific anxiety immediately following treatment and 3 months later. TAPS ϩ IBD shows initial promise for the treatment of anxiety in youth with IBD. The direct integration of behavioral health strategies into medical settings and use of a flexible CBT approach sensitive to acute disease fluctuations appears to be beneficial among youth with comorbid IBD and anxiety.

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BackgroundDepression is a heterogenous disorder with both cognitive and somatic symptom dimensions that may differentially relate to systemic inflammation. Diet, which has the potential to modulate both inflammation levels and mood, is yet to be studied within the context of individual depression dimensions. This study examined the associations between inflammatory cytokines and dietary patterns with depressive symptom dimension profiles among a sample of women recruited in a non-clinical setting.MethodsInflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), inflammatory diet (Diet Inflammatory Index; DII), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II) were measured in 136 females (Mage = 22.01 ± 4.02, range 18–59 years). Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the relationships between inflammatory cytokines and diet with self-reported cognitive, somatic, and total depressive symptoms, adjusting for demographic factors.ResultsFindings showed that increased somatic dimension scores were positively associated with IL-6 (ß = 0.273, p = 0.002) and TNF-α (ß = 0.215, p = 0.017), but not inflammatory diet (p = 0.300). Total BDI-II scores were only positively associated with IL-6 (ß = 0.221, p = 0.012), and cognitive dimension scores were not associated with any inflammation measures.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to existing evidence that inflammatory cytokines are associated with the somatic symptoms of depression. Inflammatory diet index was not associated with depression measures.