Water availability has been a major constraint in crop production technology across the globe. The agricultural sector has been the largest consumer of fresh water for ages and accounts for about two‐thirds of the total fresh water used for human consumption. In the scenario of rapid population growth, the share of fresh water allocated to agriculture would get reduced to a great extent. Therefore, there is the ever‐increasing need to use the available water efficiently and precisely. It is a high priority to evolve new irrigation methods so that water use efficiency (WUE) can be maximized through optimum management of available irrigation water. Deficit irrigation (DI) is an optimization strategy that requires crops to intentionally endure a certain level of water deficit. This sometimes leads to a decrease in yield, however, with a significant increase in WUE. Partial root zone drying (PRD) is a modified version of DI, which has been practiced to improve WUE by controlling drought stress. In this method of irrigation, the spatial separation of dry and wet roots is maintained during the entire cropping season. The water stress developed in one part of the root zone generates chemical signals in the form of abscisic acid, which leads to partial closure of stomatal opening. Stomatal closure reduces the rate of transpiration, which in turn increases WUE. This paper is an effort to briefly discuss the concept of PRD and to review some important work carried out across the world.
Study was conducted to derive operational model for a farm pond of 3000 cubic meter capacity at Center for protected cultivation technology (CPCT), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India which was the important source of irrigation water of the farm of the area 10 ha. The Neuro-Fuzzy approach was used to develop the operational model and to derive operational rules for proper irrigation scheduling of the horticultural crops grown at CPCT. Based upon the inputs like crop water requirement, evaporation losses and farm pond inflow the model predicting outflow of the reservoir was developed. The developed model was having high accuracy and predictability when tested statistically. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.96, whereas the model efficiency (E) was 0.97 which shows the high reliability of the model. The operating rules which were of ‘If-Then’ form were also developed which would lead to better management of the farm pond system and would also improve the irrigation scheduling at CPCT farm, IARI, New Delhi.
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