<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) disease still carries an appreciable mortality, representing the world’s second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. In a living organism, iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, as a co-factor of enzymes and involved in various cellular functions. Fe homeostasis is maintained by various mechanisms is disturbed in diseased. The aim of study was estimating the Fe metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in relation to sputum bacterial load and inflammation and severity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This present case control study was conducted in department of medicine CHC Katra, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir from June 2019 to September 2019. A total of 100 adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB (PTB) and 74 healthy, age matched individuals were included in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 patients, 65% were males with average age being 43.56±15.63 years. Mean serum protein at 6.32±0.78 g/dl and mean serum albumin at 3.45±0.52 g/dl showed significance. Mean serum Fe (39.68±18.32 ug/dl) and mean hemoglobin level (9.36±1.52) was significantly lower as compared to controls. Serum TIBC, serum ferritin and serum CRP showed higher values among cases. Raised serum ferritin levels corresponded to the raised CRP and TB is seen causing significantly low levels of transferrin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> CRP and ferritin should be regarded as useful markers of PTB activity and also to the risks associated to it and also while monitoring therapeutic response.</p>
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries and obesity contributing maximum to the disease load. A reduction in the energy content of diet, alone, may not prevent NAFLD, nor could alleviate it. Recent studies are bringing to light the association, importance and role of dietary vitamins and liver fat accumulation. Vitamin B12 is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body. It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Still, the influence of vitamin B12 deficiency on NAFLD has not been studied much.Methods: A case control observational study was conducted in the department of medicine, community health center, Katra during the period of August 2018 to July 2019. The study was conducted on 150 NAFLD patients and 50 aged and gender-matched healthy controls. Patients showing ethanol consumption, liver cirrhosis, DM, pancreatitis, renal failure or cancer were excluded.Results: Patients and controls almost matched in all clinical examinations like fever, jaundice, nausea, but vitamin B12 levels were significantly low among cases and stood at 377.60±181.43 pg/ml as against 548.28±285.70 for controls, but still remained within the reference range. Vitamin D levels were also found to be lower among cases. B12 deficiency is extremely common in India with an estimated prevalence of 47% and more males tend to have NAFLD than females.Conclusions: For better management of the disease, vitamin B12 levels should be assessed in all NAFLD patients.
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Pulmonary function tests may be affected by many factors like age, gender, race and body surface area of an individual. Lung functions decline throughout adult life, and healthy people are no exception. Aging is a universal progressive decline, but it is not a disease. The present study was done with an aim to establish the age effect on lung function test of healthy non-smoking people belonging to the rural belt of Jammu region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted on 180 patients attending the OPD of department of medicine, sub-district hospital Akhnoor. With age ranging from 11 to 70 years, healthy individuals, non-smokers were selected for the study. Pulmonary tests like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1<sup>st</sup> second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Younger population had a high value for FEV<sub>1</sub> and PEFR showed a rise among age groups: 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 years, reaching up to 7.23±1.75 (L/sec), and then declining to reach 3.93±0.98 (L/sec) for the age group: >60 years. Almost all parameters showed a resembling ascends and decline with ageing. Lung function has further variability in older people, depending upon lung capacity at maturation time. This study was quite in line with the most of the research findings in the field, but done under a different social set up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Considerable differences in the respiratory patterns of healthy individuals with ageing suggest that pulmonary function tests have to become a part of routine health examinations in elderly population.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Background: Anemia in pregnancy can increase the risk of having a pre-term delivery/babies, which may further lead to low birth weight and sometimes death. Anemia is more prevalent in Asia, with half of the all-anemic women living in Indian subcontinent itself. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among women in the reproductive age group (15-49) in a rural population set up of Akhnoor.Methods: A population based cross-sectional study was conducted in Sub district hospital, Akhnoor, Jammu, J and K, India, over a period of 6 months from September 2020 to February 2021, on a total of 320 women in the reproductive age group of 15 to 49 years.Results: A total prevalence of 59.06% was found with highest among pregnant females. Out of this total anemic patient 59.78% (113/189) were mild anemic, and 40.22% (76/189) were either moderately anemic or severe. High prevalence of anemia was seen among illiterate women (68.89%). Prevalence was also significantly associated to excessive/ scanty menstruation. Besides, menstrual cycle more than 35 days and less than 21 days were found to be at higher risk of anemia (60.53% and 83.33%). Underweight women were also found at higher risk of anemia (69.52%). Only 88 out of 320 women studied had completed the course of IFA tablets.Conclusions: Several socio-demographic, menstrual, dietary, environmental, and behavioral factors were associated with anemia. Women of reproductive age should be motivated to include food fortification or iron supplementations in their diet.
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